2018, Number 4
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Rev Mex Urol 2018; 78 (4)
Renal involvement associated with weak monoclonal components in Cuban patients with monoclonal gammopathy
Howland-Álvarez I, Cruz-Gómez Y, Zambrano-Mera JG
Language: Spanish
References: 22
Page: 243-253
PDF size: 413.49 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Objective: To analyze the relationship between the monoclonal bands detected in
serum protein electrophoresis and renal involvement.
Materials and Methods: An observational, descriptive, and retrospective study was
conducted based on the results of electrophoresis and immunofixation carried out at the
Laboratorio de Diagnóstico Clínico del Centro de Investigaciones Médico Quirúrgicas in
Havana, Cuba, within the time frame of January 2010 and December 2016. Inclusion
criteria: patients with monoclonal component detected in electrophoresis and confirmed
through immunofixation and patients with no monoclonal component in protein
electrophoresis but detected in immunofixation performed for diagnostic suspicion of
multiple myeloma. The protein electrophoresis tests in serum and 24-hour urine were
conducted in agarose gel, utilizing the automated Hydrasys 2 system (Sebia
®). The
Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, chi-square test, and Student’s t test were employed for the
statistical analysis and the 95% CI (a = 0.05) was considered statistically significant.
Results: 73 patients with monoclonal gammopathy were registered. Immunoglobulin
values were within the reference limits in 17 patients. The majority of patients had
elevated serum creatinine levels (129 ± 46 µmol/L), but only 7/73 had the diagnosis
of kidney failure associated with the monoclonal component. Immunoglobulin concentration
(IgG, IgA, and IgM), according to their reference values, was related to the
type of monoclonal component detected. There was one case of IgD myeloma, with
the onset of kidney failure, and normal serum protein electrophoresis.
Conclusions: Immunofixation continues to be a useful laboratory method for diagnosing
monoclonal gammopathy, especially when protein electrophoresis does not
suggest that alteration and kidney function can consequently be affected.
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