Pérez PE, Uriarte MAE, Vila SM

Language: Spanish
References: 0
Page: 313-320
PDF size: 64.20 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: hyponatremia is the most common electrolytic abnormality in hospitalized patients. It is related to the administration of hypotonic fluids in patients with high levels of antidiuretic hormone. The most serious complication of hyponatremia is hyponatremic encephalopathy which can be fatal, or cause irreversible brain damage if not treated properly.
Case presentation: a 6-month-old, eutrophic infant with health history and psychomotor development according to her age that was admitted in the Pediatric Hospital of Cienfuegos with the diagnosis of an acute diarrheal disease by rotavirus. It was decided to suspend the feeding and initiate maintenance hydration due to intolerance in the oral route. A solution based on 5 % dextrose with 0.18 % of NaCl was used. After 14 hours in the ward, the patient was transferred to Intensive Care due to convulsions, which were related to severe hyponatremia. Initially the sodium value was normal. The cranial tomography performed 13 days later showed signs of cortical atrophy. At the time of doing this work the girl was being followed in consultation of Physiatry and Neuropediatrics by a flabby quadriparesia.
Conclusions: hypotonic fluids are still recommended as maintenance fluids in acutely ill patients, despite the strong association among their use and the development of hyponatremia. It is time to stop using hypotonic fluids in disease states associated with excess of antidiuretic hormone, because there is no reason for this practice to continue.