Ramos LM, de Carvalho BEM, Perera ME, Hernández RH, Hernández SJR, Padilla GCM

Language: Spanish
References: 0
Page: 38-54
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ABSTRACT

Objective: demonstrate the usefulness of optical coherence tomography prior to cataract surgery to diagnose alterations of the macula and/or the neuroretinal fiber layer.
Methods: a descriptive cross-sectional study of a case series was conducted at the Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology from January 2014 to December 2015. The study sample was a random selection of 100 patients with senile cataract who underwent protocol cataract surgery preoperative examination and optical coherence tomography. The variables studied were age, sex, cataract type, bilaterality, presence of macular and/or neuroretinal fiber layer lesions, anatomical location and macular lesion type, neuroretinal fiber layer lesions, history of systemic vascular or macular diseases and/or glaucoma, and need of ophthalmological treatment. Mean, percentage, confidence interval and Fisher's exact test were all considered.
Results: mean age was 70.13 years. Female sex prevailed (54.0 %). Macular and neuroretinal fiber layer lesions were present in 39.0 % of the patients. 11.2 % of the eyes with cataracts had a lesion in the vitreo-macular interface, with a predominance of the epiretinal membrane (14.6 %). Damage to the neuroretinal fiber layer was detected in 14.2 %. No relationship was found between the presence of macular lesions and macular disease (p= 0.275). 34.8 % of the patients without a history of glaucoma had a fiber layer lesion. 28.8 % of the patients with lesions needed preoperative treatment.
Conclusions: Optical coherence tomography is an important tool in the preoperative period of cataract surgery.