Perera ME, Ramos LM, Hernández MR, Chang HM, Molina CC, Morán MM

Language: Spanish
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Page: 3-16
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ABSTRACT

Objective: evaluate the anatomical-functional characteristics of the macula by optical coherence tomography in patients undergoing pneumatic retinopexy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.
Methods: a prospective longitudinal study was conducted of 37 patients from "Ramón Pando Ferrer" Cuban Institute of Ophthalmology during the period 2014- 2016. The variables studied were age, eye, sex, time of evolution, pre- and postoperative macular status (clinically and by optical coherence tomography), best corrected visual acuity (pre- and post-operative) and its improvement, postoperative macular microstructure lines and alterations. Statistical significance was determined by Fisher's exact test (p major/minor 0.05).
Results: mean age of patients was 59 ± 11.77. A predominance was observed of the right eye (62.16 %), male sex (64.86 %), and < 1 month of evolution (83.78 %). 67.57 % of the patients had pre-operative macular detachment. In pre-operative consultation there was a predominance of patients with vision major/minor 0.1 (37.84 %), whereas in postoperative consultation 54.05 % had > 0.6. In postoperative consultation, 8.11 % had macular detachment determined by clinical examination vs. 27.03 % determined by optical coherence tomography (p= 0.015). Of the patients with visual improvement, 62.07 % did not have any microstructural macular alteration. The most common alteration was subfoveal retinal detachment (18.92 %). Statistical significance was found on relating visual improvement to line continuity interdigitation retinal pigment epithelium - outer segments of photoreceptors (p= 0.001).
Conclusions: optical coherence tomography is a useful tool to evaluate patients undergoing pneumatic retinopexy for rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. The method is more sensitive when evaluating the macular area, for it reveals microstructural elements related to the recovery of visual acuity, including the presence of alterations and aspects of the reorganization of the photoreceptor layer.