Llanos GI, Montoya OR, Puello HM, Young CG, Correa JO, Suárez ÁP

Language: Spanish
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ABSTRACT

Introduction: Candida spp. is a normal inhabitant of the human microbiota, which can cause superficial and systemic infections of an opportunistic nature. In diabetic patients the risk of infections by this yeast increases, which would be determined by the carrying of Candida spp. This carrying is variable, as observed in the oral cavity from 13.7 to 64 %.
Objective: to establish the percentages of colonization and possible associated factors in this high-risk group.
Method: a descriptive study was carried out in a total of 172 diabetic and non-diabetic patients. Mouthwash samples were seeded on Sabouraud agar and CHROMagar Candida. The isolates were subjected to phenotypic tests and to a multiple polymerase´s chain reaction for identification. Demographic variables, oral hygiene habits, the use of dental prostheses, as well as glycosylated hemoglobin levels were evaluated for frequency and association determination by chi2 and multivariate analysis, using the SPSS program version 19.0.
Results: the percentage of colonization in the total of the diabetic and non-diabetic population (n= 172) was 33.7 %. The distribution by species was Candida albicans (63.8 %), Candida glabrata (10.3 %), Candida tropicalis (6.9 %), Candida krusei (5.2 %), Candida dubliniensis (3.4 %), Candida parapsilosis (3.4 %), Candida lusitaniae (1.7 %), Candida guilliermondii (1.7 %), and Candida spp. (unidentified, 3.4 %). In non-diabetic patients the percentage of colonization was 27.9 % and in diabetics 36.9 %. In the study´s patients, it was found that 14.9 % had glycemic control by glycosylated hemoglobin levels, 57.6 % used dental prostheses, and 63.9% practiced regular oral hygiene.
Conclusion: Candida albicans was the predominant specie in both groups, with a significant percentage of the non-albicans species in these patients. The use of dental prostheses was a contributory factor for colonization by species of the genus Candida.