Lage BJC, Mosquera BG, García GEA

Language: Spanish
References: 0
Page: 74-97
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ABSTRACT

Background: Degenerative pathologies of the spine are the leading cause of work loss in industrialized countries and represent the 1-2 % of gross domestic product in expenses annually. One of its traditional treatments, the arthrodesis, removes the diseased intervertebral disc and fuses the interspace with a bone graft; however, arthroplasty emerges as a treatment that preserves vertebral mobility with the implant of prosthesis. Objective: To characterize the main types of intervertebral disc prostheses and to evaluate their positive and negative aspects according to their general principles of functioning. Development: The intervertebral disc prostheses are composed by two plates basically, to be fixed to the adjacent vertebrae, with an articular interface in its interior. Two trends follow: simulating the visco-elastic behavior of the disc or simulating the physiological mobility of the healthy disc; these are divided into constrained and unconstrained, whether or not they restrict movement on the axes of rotation. They are made of metallic and non-metallic materials. They are placed by open and endoscopic surgeries through posterior, posterolateral and anterior accesses. Once implanted, the most frequent complication is heterotopic ossification, which decreases with the use of steroids. Conclusions: In the bibliography consulted, it was observed that there is no prosthesis that fully reproduces the functions of the healthy intervertebral disc, although arthrodesis continues as the gold- standard for intervertebral disc replacement surgery, arthroplasty emerges as a more physiological solution so the studies for the creation of the artificial intervertebral disc should be continued.