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ABSTRACT

Introduction: antimicrobial resistance is an emerging global phenomenon constituting one of the most serious health problems at present. Incorporation of antibiotics into clinical practice and their irrational use resulted in the quick appearance of resistance mechanisms first in bacteria and then in viruses, parasites and fungi.
Objective: conduct an updated review about antimicrobial resistance, related factors, mechanisms, current perspectives in the context of the "One health" approach, and the position of Cuba in response to the call of WHO.
Methods: a literature review was conducted in various databases, such as PubMed, SciELO, Science Direct, Google Scholar and MEDLINE, as well as in the PAHO / WHO websites, about the topics microbial resistance, "One health" approach, and the use of antimicrobials. Original and review papers were consulted which had been published between 1998 and 2017.
Results: the information collected about the review topics was analyzed and processed applying an integrating approach from the perspective of the current situation of human, veterinary and agricultural health. The position of Cuba in the struggle against antimicrobial resistance was also discussed.
Conclusions: antimicrobial resistance is a serious threat to global health requiring the collaborative effort of multiple disciplines worldwide to reduce its spread and mitigate the negative effects of resistant bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites affecting living organisms from the different ecosystems. The political commitment of governments with the support of the various actors is essential for the successful fulfillment of actions. Cuba responds affirmatively to the call of WHO, FAO and OIE with strengths and challenges.