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Coordinación General de Investigación de la Facultad de Salud Pública y Nutrición y la Dirección General de Sistemas e Informática de la Universidad Autónoma de Nuevo León

2005, Number 4

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Rev Salud Publica Nutr 2005; 6 (4)

Advances in the research above substances dependence

Moral Rubia J

Language: Spanish
References: 53
Page:
PDF size: 129.36 Kb.


ABSTRACT

The objectives of the present article are: (1) To present the origin of the terms: addiction and substances dependence; (2) to study the causes of the substances addiction; and (3) to show the new discoveries of the empiric studies from a bio-psycho-social perspective. The empiric investigation claims the addiction term, because this term expresses the compulsive behavioral or control loss dimension more clearly. In turn, the neuroscientific studies highlight the central paper of the natural reinforcement and appetitive behavior control mechanisms on the etiology of these disorders, without subtracting importance to the abstinence avoidance factor. Also, these studies stand out that the boredom, discouragement symptoms and low tolerance to stress are the most persistent symptoms in the protracted abstinence, and they are the consequences of the natural reinforcement system readjustment. These residual symptoms next to the learned strategy of alleviating them with the drug consumption constitute the main causal factors of high relapses to a year rates (from 70% to 90% of the treated cases). For this reason, the treatment should be focused both to the residual symptoms and to confrontation strategy, offering strengthening stimuli and social models competitive with the drug and its world. So it is suggested to foment the patient's personal implication in self-help groups, non government organizations and religious communities.


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