medigraphic.com

2018, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2018; 56 (1)

Airway metaplasia related to smoking and environmental pollution through sputum

Ferman-Cano F, Padilla-Santamaría F, Moreno-Venegas LÁ, Torner-Aguilar CA, Molina-Medina MA

Language: Spanish
References: 31
Page: 46-52
PDF size: 479.23 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Background: Both environmental pollution and smoking affect the respiratory epithelium, causing cellular adaptation changes. Therefore, this work explores the presence of metaplasia in smokers compared with non-smokers from Mexico City.
Methods: A prospective cohort study was performed. The sample was performed through a home interview covering the five Mexico City zones delimited to the study and monitoring of air quality. We searched metaplastic cells and inflammation in sputum cytology stained with Papanicolaou technique, and we assessed the air quality in Mexico City. We calculated relative risk (RR) and attributable risk (AR) in relation to the presence of metaplasia and smoking.
Results: We performed 1897 home interviews obtaining a final sample of 30 participants. There were no significant differences between smokers and non-smokers with the presence of metaplastic cells (p = 0.269), although the association of metaplastic cells and inflammation showed a significant difference in the non-smokers group (p = 0.010). The RR in association with the presence of metaplasia in sputum cytology and smoking was 1.6, and the RA was 0.2.
Conclusions: The air quality in this city has led the population to undergo changes of cellular adaptation in the respiratory epithelium by the simple fact of being exposed to environmental pollution. Metaplastic changes in non-smokers suggest strongly that pollution causes the same effect as smoking.


REFERENCES

  1. World Health Organization (WHO). Report on the Global Tobacco Epidemic 2008. The MPOWER package. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008. Disponible en http://www.who.int/tobacco/mpower/2008/en/

  2. Franco-Marina F. Adult smoking trends in Mexico: an analysis of the Mexican National Addiction Surveys. Salud Publica Mex. 2007;49(Supl 2):5137-46.

  3. Villatoro-Velázquez JA, Medina-Mora ME, Fleiz- Bautista C, Téllez-Rojo MM, Mendoza-Alvarado LR, Romero-Martínez M et al. Encuesta Nacional de Adicciones 2011: Reporte de Drogas. Instituto Nacional de Psiquiatría Ramón de la Fuente Muñiz (INPRFM)/Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública/Secretaría de Salud. México DF: INPRFM; 2012. Disponible en http://www.conadic.salud.gob.mx/pdfs/ ENA_2011_DROGAS_ILICITAS_.pdf

  4. Gao W, Li L, Wang Y, Zhang S, M Adcock I, Barnes PJ, et al. Bronchial epithelial cells: The key effector cells in the pathogenesis of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease? Respirology. 2015;20:722-9.

  5. Franco-Marina F, Villalba Caloca J, Corcho-Berdugo A; Grupo Interinstitucional de Cáncer Pulmonar. Role of active and passive smoking on lung cancer etiology in Mexico City. Salud Publica Mex. 2016;48 (Supl 1):575-82.

  6. Trayer DS, Rubin E. Adaptación celular, lesión celular y muerte celular. En: Rubin E, Rubin R, Strayer DS. Patología: fundamentos clinicopatológicos en medicina. 6ª ed. España: Wolters Kluwer Health, Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2012. pp. 1-46.

  7. Schamberger AC, Staab-Weijnitz CA, Mise-Racek N, Eickelberg O. Cigarette smoke alters primary human bronchial epithelial cell differentiation at the airliquid interfase. Sci Rep. 2015;5:8163.

  8. Burns DM. Primary prevention, smoking, and smoking cessation: implications for future trends in lung cancer prevention. Cancer. 2000;89(11 Suppl): 2506-9.

  9. Fontana RS, Carr DT, Woolner LB, Miller FT. Value of induced sputum in cytologic diagnosis of lung cancer. JAMA. 1965;192(2):134-6.

  10. D’Urso V, Doneddu V, Marchesi I, Collodoro A, Pirina P, Giordano A, et al. Sputum analysis: Noninvasive early lung cancer detection. J Cell Physiol. 2013;228(5):945-51.

  11. Hubers AJ, Van der Drift MA, Prinsen CFM, Witte BI, Wang Y, Shivapurkar N, et al. Methylation analysis in spontaneous sputum for lung cancer diagnosis. Lung Cancer. 2014;84(2):127-33.

  12. Hubers AJ, Prinsen CFM, Sozzi G, Witte BI, Thunnissen E. Molecular sputum analysis for the diagnosis of lung cancer. Br J Cancer. 2013;109:530-7.

  13. Dragonieri S, Tongoussouva O, Zanini A, Imperatori A, Spanevello A. Markers of airway inflammation in pulmonary diseases assessed by induced sputum. Monaldi Arch Chest Dis. 2009;71(3):119-26.

  14. Endo C, Nakashima R, Taguchi A, Yahata K, Kawahara E, Shimagaki N, et al. Inter-rater agreement of sputum cytology for lung cancer screening in Japan. Diagn Cytopathol. 2015;43(7):545-50.

  15. Alwahaibi NY, Alsubhi MS, Aldairi N, Alshukaili A, Bai UR. Comparison of ultrafast Papanicolaou stain with the standard Papanicolaou stain in body fluids and fine needle aspiration specimens. J Lab Physicians. 2016;8(1):19-24.

  16. Secretaría del Medio Ambiente de la Ciudad de México (SEDEMA). Dirección de Monitoreo Atmosférico: Índice de la Calidad del Aire (horarios). México, DF: SEDEMA. Disponible en http://www.aire.df.gob. mx/default.php?opc=%27aKBhnmI=%27&opcion=a w== [Consultado el 24 de marzo de 2016].

  17. Kaur H, Haig A, Nell A, Weir MM. Rapid rescreening of Papanicolaou test: Comparison with 10% rescreening. Canadian Journal of Pathology. 2013;5 (3):103-9.

  18. Anjuman N, Li N, Guarnera M, Stass AA, Jiang F. Evaluation of lung flute in sputum samples for molecular analysis of lung cancer. Clin Transl Med. 2013;2(1):2-15.

  19. Byers T, Wolf HJ, Franklin WA, Braudrick S, Merrick DT, Shroyer KR, et al. Sputum cytologic atypia predicts incident lung cancer: defining latency and histologic specificity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2008;17(1):158-62.

  20. Cho HY, Hotchkiss JA, Harkema JR. Inflammatory and epithelial responses during the development of ozone-induced mocus cell metaplasia in the nasal epithelium of rats. Toxicol Sci. 1999;51:135-45.

  21. Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Osnaya N, Rodríguez- Alcaraz A, Villarreal-Calderón A. DNA damage in nasal respiratory epithelium form children exposed to urban pollution. Environ Mol Mutagen. 1997;30 (1):11-20.

  22. Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Osorno-Velázquez A, Bravo- Álvarez H, Delgado-Chávez R, Barrios-Márquez R. Histopathologic changes of the nasal mucosa in southwest metropolitan Mexico City inhabitants. Am J Pathol. 1992;140(1):225-32.

  23. Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Roy-Ocotla G. Nasal cytology in southwest metropolitan Mexico City inhabitants: a pilot intervention study. Environ Health Persp. 1993;101(2):138-44.

  24. Viveros-Añorbe LM, Rivera-Cruz JM. Cambios histopatológicos en mucosa nasal de individuos expuestos a la contaminación ambiental en el Distrito Federal. Informe de 33 casos. An Med Asoc Med Hosp ABC. 1999;44(3):127-31.

  25. Marlier ME, Jina AS, Kinney PL, DeFries RS. Extreme air pollution in global megacities. Curr Clim Change Rep. 2016;2(1):15-27.

  26. Rodríguez S, Huerta G, Reyes H. A study of trends for Mexico City ozone extremes: 2001-2014. Atmósfera. 2016;29(2):107-20.

  27. Por contingencia restringen circulación. El Universal [Internet]. 15 03 2016. Disponible en http://www.eluniversal. com.mx/articulo/metropoli/df/2016/03/15/ por-contingencia-restringen-circulacion [Consultado el 20 de marzo de 2016].

  28. Arbex MA, Santos UP, Martins LC, Saldiva PHN, Pereira LAA, Braga ALF. A polução do ar e o sistema respiratório. J Bras Pneumol. 2012;38(5):643-55.

  29. Secretaría del Medio Ambiente, Gobierno del Distrito Federal. Programa estratégico forestal del Distrito Federal (PEF-DF) 2006-2025. México, DF: Secretaría del Medio Ambiente; 2006. Disponible en http://www.conafor.gob.mx:8080/documentos/ docs/12/858Programa%20Estratégico%20Forestal %20del%20Distrito%20Federal.pdf [Consultado el 22 de abril de 2016].

  30. Nowak DJ, Dwyer JF, Childs G. Los beneficios y costos del enverdecimiento urbano. En: Krishnamurthy L, Rente Nascimento J (eds.), Áreas Verdes Urbanas en Latinoamérica y el Caribe. Chapingo, México: Universidad Autónoma de Chapingo; 1997. pp. 17-38.

  31. Pérez-S. I. “Hoy no circula” sabatino, no soluciona el problema de la contaminación: Héctor Riveros. Ciencia UNAM. 27 de agosto de 2014. Ambiente y naturaleza. Disponible en http://ciencia.unam.mx/ leer/380/“Hoy_no_circula”_sabatino_no_soluciona _el_problema_de_la_contaminacion_Hector_Riveros [Consultado el 2 de mayo de 2016].




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com