Arce-Mendoza AY, Rosas-Taraco AG, Salinas-Carmona MC, Orozco SC

Language: Spanish
References: 29
Page:
PDF size: 846.89 Kb.

ABSTRACT

There are host cell receptors that recognize pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) that facilitates the entry of intracellular pathogens. In the case of Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb) the involved receptors are CD11c, CD14, and CD40. Alpha and beta-chemokine receptors (CXCR4 and CCR5) are coreceptors that mediate human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) entry to CD4⁺ cells. The purpose of this work is to determine if Mtb or its fractions can modulate the expression of CD11c, CD14, CD40, CXCR4, and CCR5 in leukocytes culture from healthy PPD-positive volunteers. We found a decrease in the expression of CD11c induce by Mtb and its fractions (p‹0.05). Extracellular proteins from Mtb cultures induced not change. Lipids and polysaccharides (PLS) increased CD14 expression, but whole Mtb inhibited its expression (p‹0.05). CD40⁺ monocytes diminished after stimulation with intact bacterial cell. On the other hand, CCR5⁺ monocytes increased after whole cell and PLS stimulation (p‹0.05). In addition, CXCR4⁺ lymphocytes increased after stimulation with intracellular protein from Mtb, while complete bacilli (50 bacteria/leukocyte) increased CXCR4⁺ monocytes (p‹0.05). In conclusion, Mtb and its fraction regulate the expression of host cell receptors that favor bacterial multiplication. The results in the chemokine receptors demonstrated that Mtb infection creates conditions that facilitates the co-infection by HIV.

REFERENCES

1. Schluger, N.W. and W.N. Rom. 1998. The Host Immune Response to Tuberculosis. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. 157:679-691.

2. Ernst, J.D. 1998. MINIREVIEW: Macrophage Receptors for Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Infect Immunit. 66: 1277 – 1281.

3. Idem.

4. Tailleux, L., O. Schwartz, J.L. Herrmann. 2003. DC-SIGN is the major Mycobacterium tuberculosis receptor on human dendritic cells. J Exp Med. 197:121-127.

5. Schorey, J.S., M.C. Carroll, E.J. Brown. 1997. A Macrophage invasion mechanism of pathogenic mycobacteria. Science. 277:1091-1093.

6. Zaffran, Y., L. Zhang, and J.J. Ellner. 1998. ROLE of CR4 in Mycobacterium tuberculosis-Human Macrophages Binding and Signal Transduction in Absence of Serum. Infect Immunit. 66: 4541 – 4544.

7. Viriyakosol, S., J. Mathison, P. Tobias, and T. Kirkland. 2000. Structure-Function analysis of CD14 as a soluble receptor for lipopolysaccharide. J Bio Cem. 275:3144-3149.

8. Peterson, P., G. Gekker, S. Hu, W. Sheng, W. Anderson, R. Ulevitch, P. Tobias, K. Gustafson, T. Molitor, and C. Chao. 1995. CD14 Receptor-Mediated Uptake of Nonopsonized Mycobacterium tuberculosis by Human Microglia. Infect. Immun. 63(4): 1598-1602.

9. Bernardo, J., A. Billingslea, R. Blumenthal, K. Seetoo, E. Simons, and M. Fenton. 1998. Differential Responses of Human Mononuclear Phagocytes to Mycobacterial Lipoarabinomannans: Role of CD14 and the Mannose Receptor. Infect Immun. 66: 28 -35.

10. Roach, T.I., C. Howard, D. Chatterjee, and J.M. Blackwell. 1993. Macrophage activation: lipoarabinomannan from avirulent and virulent strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis differentially induces the early genes c-fos, KC, JE and Tumor necrosis factor-a. J. Immunol. 150: 1886-1896.

11. Schlesinger, L., S. Hull, and T. Kauffman. 1994. Binding of Terminal Mannosyl Units of Lipoarabinomannan from a Virulent Strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Human Macrophages. J. of Immunol. 152: 4070-4079.

12. Foy, T.M., A. Aruffo, J. Bajorath, J. Buhlmann, and R. Noelle. 1996. Immune Regulation by CD40 and its Ligand GP39. Annu Rev Immunol. 14 (1): 591 – 617.

13. Wang, Y., C. Kelly, J. Karttunen, et al. 2001. CD40 is a cellular receptor mediating mycobacterial heat shock protein 70 stimulation of CC-Chemokines. Immunity. 15: 971-983.

14. Samten, B., E.K. Thomas, J. Gong, and P.F. Barnes. 2000. Depressed CD40 ligand expression contributes to reduced gamma interferon production in human tuberculosis. Infect. Immun. 68:3002-3006.

15. Fauci, A. 1996. Host factors and the Pathogenesis of HIV-induced Disease. Nature. 384: 529-534.

16. Berger, E., R. Doms, E. Fenyö, et al. 1998. A New Classification for HIV-1. Nature. 391:240.

17. Bradford, M.M. 1976. A rapid and sensitive meted for quantification of microgram quantities of protein utilizing the principle of protein-dye binding. Anal. Biochem. 72:248-254.

18. Idem.

19. Dubois, M., K.A. Gilles, J.K. Hamilton, et al. 1956. Colorimetric method for determination of sugar and related substances. Anal Chem. 28:350-356.

20. Aderem, A., and Underhill, D.M. 1999. Mechanisms of phagocytosis in macrophages. Annu Rev Immunol. 17: 593-623.

21. Mueller-Ortiz, S.L., A.R. Wagner, and S.J. Norris. 2001. Mycobacterial protein HbhA binds human complement component C3. Infect. Immun. 69:7501-7511.

22. DesJardin, L.E., T.M. Kaufman, B. Potts, B. Kutzbach, H. Yi, L.S. Schlesinger. 2002. Mycobacterium tuberculosis-infected human macrophages exhibit enhanced cellular adhesion with increased expression of LFA-1 and ICAM-1 and reduced expression and/or function of complement receptors, FcgammaRII and the mannose receptor. Microbiology. 148: 3161-71.

23. Viriyakosol, S.,et al., Op cit

24. Foy, T.M., et al., Op cit

25. Samten, B., et al,. Op cit

26. Larkin, R., C. Benjamin, Y. Hsu, Q. Li, L. Zukoski, and R. Silver. 2002. CD40 Ligand (CD154) does not contribute to lymphocyte-mediated inhibition of virulent Mycobacterium tuberculosis within human monocytes. Infect Immun. 70: 4716 – 4720.

27. Fauci, A. Op cit

28. Wahl, S., T. Wild, G. Peng, et al. 1998. Mycobacterium avium complex augments macrophage HIV-1 production and increases CCR5 expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 95 : 12574 – 12579.

29. Juffermans, N.P., W. Paxton, P. Dekkers, et al. 2000. Up-regulation of HIV coreceptors CXCR4 and CCR5 on CD4+ T cells during human endotoxemia and after stimulation with (myco) bacterial antigens: the role of cytokines. Blood. 96: 2649 – 2654.