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2017, Number 3

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Cuba y Salud 2017; 12 (3)

Meningococcal disease. Epidemiological behavior and effect of vaccination

Valdés HMJ, Martínez MI, Villasusa PIM, Guanche HM

Language: Spanish
References: 41
Page: 60-65
PDF size: 240.43 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective: To describe the epidemiological behaviour of meningococcal disease in recent years and the immunization strategies implemented for its control in the different geographical regions.
Development: Meningococcal disease persists as a global health problem due to its epidemic potential. It is caused by Neisseriameningitidis, a gram-negative diplococcus that integrates the microbiota of the human nasopharynx and, under certain circumstances, can spread and cause an invasive disease. The majority of cases are produced by six serogroups (A, B, C, W-135, X and Y) of the thirteen classified, whose incidence is very variable. Newborns and children under one year of age are at greatest risk due to the poor development of their immune system and the progressive decline of passive maternal immunity. The highest prevalence rates of carriers are recorded in adolescents and young adults. With the aim of reducing mortality from this disease, different strategies are implemented, including immunization programs with different vaccines that demonstrate their effectiveness in reducing the number of fatal cases and controlling outbreaks and epidemics.
Conclusions: Meningococcal disease persists as an important health problem in several regions of the world and vaccination proves to be the best alternative in the prevention of severe cases. The implementation of vaccine strategies and the development of new immunogens should be a priority for the scientific community.


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