2017, Number 4
<< Back Next >>
Ann Hepatol 2017; 16 (4)
Two Cases of Primary Hepatic Neuroendocrine Tumors and a Review of the Current Literature
DeLuzio MR, Barbieri AL, Israel G, Emre S
Language: English
References: 30
Page: 621-629
PDF size: 405.29 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Neuroendocrine tumors comprise approximately 1-2% of all gastrointestinal tumors, and while the liver is the most common site for
metastasis of these tumors, primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors are very rare entities. Since first being reported in 1958, there
have been less than 150 cases reported in the literature. Because of the infrequent occurrence of these tumors, the pool of data
available for analysis regarding these tumors is small. As such, the medical community must rely on the publication of case report
data to further enlarge this data pool, with the hopes of eventually having enough data to draw meaningful, statistically significant
conclusions with regard to diagnosis and management of these rare tumors. We have encountered two patients at our institution
within the last year with primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors. We present their cases in this manuscript in an effort to contribute
to the available data on the disease. We also provide a concise review of the literature available to date regarding primary hepatic
neuroendocrine tumors.
REFERENCES
Modlin IM, Sandor A. An analysis of 8305 cases of carcinoid tumors. Cancer 1997; 79: 813-29.
Edmonson H. Tumor of the liver and intrahepatic bile duct. Atlas of tumor pathology 1958; 7: 105-9.
Quartey B. Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors: what do we know now? World J Oncol 2011; 2: 209-16.
Riihimaki M, Hemminki A, Sundquist K, Sundquist J, Hemminki K. The epidemiology of metastases in neuroendocrine tumors. International J Cancer 2016.
Geramizadeh B, Kashkooe A, Malekhosseini SA. Liver Metastasis of Gastrointestinal Neuroendocrine Tumors: A Single Center Experience. Hepatitis monthly 2016; 16: e37293.
Lambrescu IM, Martin S, Cima L, Herlea V, Badiu C, Fica S. Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumor after 4 years tumorfree follow-up. JGLD 2015; 24: 241-4.
Hsueh C, Tan XD, Gonzalez-Crussi F. Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma in a child. Morphologic, immunocytochemical, and molecular biologic studies. Cancer 1993; 71: 2660-5.
Alpert LI, Zak FG, Werthamer S, Bochetto JF. Cholangiocarcinoma: a clinicopathologic study of five cases with ultrastructural observations. Human pathology 1974; 5: 709-28.
Gravante G, De Liguori Carino N, Overton J, Manzia TM, Orlando G. Primary carcinoids of the liver: a review of symptoms, diagnosis and treatments. Digestive surgery 2008; 25: 364-8.
Ishida M, Seki K, Tatsuzawa A, Katayama K, Hirose K, Azuma T, Imamura Y, et al. Primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinoma coexisting with hepatocellular carcinoma in hepatitis C liver cirrhosis: report of a case. Surgery Today 2003; 33: 214-8.
Donadon M, Torzilli G, Palmisano A, Del Fabbro D, Panizzo V, Maggioni M, Santambrogio R, et al. Liver resection for primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumours: report of three cases and review of the literature. Eur J Surg Oncol 2006; 32: 325-8.
Iwao M, Nakamuta M, Enjoji M, Kubo H, Fukutomi T, Tanabe Y, Nishi H, et al. Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor: case report and review of 53 cases. Medical Science Monitor 2001; 7: 746-50.
Knox CD, Anderson CD, Lamps LW, Adkins RB, Pinson CW. Long-term survival after resection for primary hepatic carcinoid tumor. Ann Surg Oncol 2003; 10: 1171-5.
Lin CW, Lai CH, Hsu CC, Hsu CT, Hsieh PM, Hung KC, Chen YS. Primary hepatic carcinoid tumor: a case report and review of the literature. Cases journal 2009; 2: 90.
Wang LX, Liu K, Lin GW, Jiang T. Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors: comparing CT and MRI features with pathology. Cancer Imaging 2015; 15: 13.
Salamone L, McCarthy S, Salem RR. Atypical cystic carcinoid tumors of the liver. J Clin Gastroenterol 2010; 44: e256-e259.
Kellock T, Tuong B, Harris AC, Yoshida E. Diagnostic imaging of primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumors: a case and discussion of the literature. Case Reports In Radiology 2014; 2014: 156491.
Bajetta E, Ferrari L, Martinetti A, Celio L, Procopio G, Artale S, Zilembo N, et al. Chromogranin A, neuron specific enolase, carcinoembryonic antigen, and hydroxyindole acetic acid evaluation in patients with neuroendocrine tumors. Cancer 1999; 86: 858-65.
Isgro MA, Bottoni P, Scatena R. Neuron-Specific Enolase as a Biomarker: Biochemical and Clinical Aspects. Advances In Experimental Medicine And Biology 2015; 867: 125-43.
Adaway JE, Dobson R, Walsh J, Cuthbertson DJ, Monaghan PJ, Trainer PJ, Valle JW, et al. Serum and plasma 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid as an alternative to 24-h urine 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid measurement. Annals of Clinical Biochemistry 2016; 53: 554-60.
Tellez MR, Mamikunian G, O'Dorisio TM, Vinik AI, Woltering EA. A single fasting plasma 5-HIAA value correlates with 24-hour urinary 5-HIAA values and other biomarkers in midgut neuroendocrine tumors (NETs). Pancreas 2013; 42: 405-10.
Vinik AI, Chaya C. Clinical Presentation and Diagnosis of Neuroendocrine Tumors. Hematol Oncol Clin North Am 2016; 30: 21-48.
Yang X, Yang Y, Li Z, Cheng C, Yang T, Wang C, Liu L, et al. Diagnostic value of circulating chromogranin a for neuroendocrine tumors: a systematic review and meta-analysis. PLoS One 2015; 10: e0124884.
Hwang S, Lee YJ, Lee SG, Kim CW, Kim KH, Ahn CS, Moon KM, et al. Surgical treatment of primary neuroendocrine tumors of the liver. J Gastrointest Surg 2008; 12: 725-30.
Bosman FT, Carneiro F, Hruban RH, Theise ND. WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System. Geneva, Switzerland: WHO Press; 2010.
Rindi G, Kloppel G, Alhman H, Caplin M, Couvelard A, de Herder WW, Erikssson B, et al. TNM staging of foregut (neuro)endocrine tumors: a consensus proposal including a grading system. Virchows Arch 2006; 449: 395-401.
Norton JA, Warren RS, Kelly MG, Zuraek MB, Jensen RT. Aggressive surgery for metastatic liver neuroendocrine tumors. Surgery 2003; 134: 1057-63; discussion 1063-65.
Park CH, Chung JW, Jang SJ, Chung MJ, Bang S, Park SW, Song SY, et al. Clinical features and outcomes of primary hepatic neuroendocrine carcinomas. J Gastroenterol Hepatol 2012; 27: 1306-11.
Landen S, Elens M, Vrancken C, Nuytens F, Meert T, Delugeau V. Giant hepatic carcinoid: a rare tumor with a favorable prognosis. Case Rep Surg 2014; 2014: 456-509.
Gurung A, Yoshida EM, Scudamore CH, Hashim A, Erb SR, Webber DL. Primary hepatic neuroendocrine tumour requiring live donor liver transplantation: case report and concise review. Ann Hepatol 2012; 11: 715-20.