medigraphic.com
ISSN 1561-2929 (Print)

2017, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

RCAN 2017; 27 (1)

State of body composition of the students from the Faculty of Medicine in a public university of Mexico

Ortega GJA, Fernández GOAA, Bilbao RT, Vélez PM, Torres RE

Language: Spanish
References: 73
Page: 14-28
PDF size: 471.42 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Rationale: The university student is prone to nutritional vulnerabilities due to life and food styles he/she adopts during this vital stage of growth and development. These vulnerabilities should be reflected upon the student´s body composition. Objective: To document the current state of body composition of the student of the Faculty of Medicine in a Mexican public university. Study design: Descriptive, analytical. Study serie: Sixty students attending 3 careers in the Faculty of Medicine of the Autonomous University of Puebla (Puebla, Mexico). Material and method: Current values of skeletal muscle mass (MM) and total body fat (TBF) of the student were reconstructed from the circumferences of body segments by means of anthropometric techniques. Values obtained from anthropometric variables of interest were contrasted with population cut-off values. Results: TBF was increased in 56.7% of the examined students. On the contrary, MM was lower than cut-off point in 70.0% of them. MM was more pronounced in males: Arm Muscle Area: Δ = +10.7 (p ‹ 0.05); MM: Δ = +6.4 (p ‹ 0.05). Females distinguished themselves for a higher body fat content: Δ = +7.3 (p ‹ 0.05). Waist-to-Hip ratio was higher in males: Δ = +0.08 (p ‹ 0.05). Students from the Medicine career concentrated the highest proportions of altered values of indicators of global | regional adiposity. Conclusions: In the current moment, adiposity is the distinctive element of the university student. Prevalence of adiposity might result in the onset of states of insulin resistance.


REFERENCES

  1. Rosenheck R. Fast food consumption and increased caloric intake: A systematic review of a trajectory towards weight gain and obesity risk. Obesity Reviews 2008;9:535-47.

  2. Karnik S, Kanekar A. Childhood obesity: A global public health crisis. Int J Prev Med 2015;3:1-7.

  3. Rivera JA, de Cossío TG, Pedraza LS, Aburto TC, Sánchez TG, Martorell R. Childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity in Latin America: A systematic review. Lancet Diabetes Endocrinol 2014;2:321-32.

  4. Dávila-Torres J, González-Izquierdo JDJ, Barrera-Cruz A. Panorama de la obesidad en México. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2015;53:240-9.

  5. Barrera-Cruz A, Rodríguez-González A, Molina-Ayala MA. Escenario actual de la obesidad en México. Rev Med Inst Mex Seguro Soc 2013;51:292-9.

  6. Sánchez-Castillo CP, Pichardo-Ontiveros E, López RP. Epidemiología de la obesidad. Gac Med Mex 2004;140(Supl 2):S3-S20.

  7. Bacardí-Gascón M, Jiménez-Cruz A, Jones E, Guzmán-González V. Alta prevalencia de obesidad y obesidad abdominal en niños escolares entre 6 y 12 años de edad. Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2007;64:362-9.

  8. Díaz Sánchez MG, Larios González JO, Mendoza Ceballos ML, Moctezuma Sahagón LM, Rangel Salgado V, Ochoa C. La obesidad escolar. Un problema actual. RCAN Rev Cubana Aliment Nutr 2016;26:137-56.

  9. Schmidt MI, Watson RL, Duncan BB, Metcalf P, Brancati FL, Sharrett AR; for the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study Investigators. Clustering of dyslipidemia, hyperuricemia, diabetes, and hypertension and its association with fasting insulin and central and overall obesity in a general population. Metabolism 1996;45:699-706.

  10. Aguilar M, Bhuket T, Torres S, Liu B, Wong RJ. Prevalence of the metabolic syndrome in the United States, 2003 – 2012. JAMA 2015;313:1973-4.

  11. Hossain P, Kawar B, El Nahas M. Obesity and diabetes in the developing world- A growing challenge. N Engl J Med 2007;356:213-5.

  12. Sánchez-Castillo CP, Velásquez-Monroy O, Lara-Esqueda A, Berber A, Sepúlveda J, Tapia-Conyer R, James WPT. Diabetes and hypertension increases in a society with abdominal obesity: Results of the Mexican National Health Survey 2000. Public Health Nutrition 2005;8: 53-60.

  13. Hannon TS, Rao G, Arslanian SA. Childhood obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Pediatrics 2005;116:473-80.

  14. Boutayeb A. The double burden of communicable and non-communicable diseases in developing countries. Trans Royal Soc Tropical Med Hyg 2006; 100:191-9.

  15. Narayan KV, Ali MK, Koplan JP. Global noncommunicable diseases- Where worlds meet. New Engl J Med 2010; 363:1196-8.

  16. Hawkes C, Smith TG, Jewell J, Wardle J, Hammond RA, Friel S; et al. Smart food policies for obesity prevention. The Lancet 2015;385(9985):2410-21.

  17. Sassi F, Cecchini M, Lauer J, Chisholm D. Improving lifestyles, tackling obesity: The health and economic impact of prevention strategies. OECD Health Working Papers 2009;48:1. Disponible en: http://www.oecd-ilibrary.org/socialissues- migration-health/improvinglifestyles- tackling-obesity-the-healthand- economic-impact-of-preventionstrategies_ 220087432153?crawler=true. Fecha de última visita: 12 de Marzo del 2017.

  18. Janssen I, Katzmarzyk PT, Boyce WF, Vereecken C, Mulvihill C, Roberts C; et al. Comparison of overweight and obesity prevalence in school‐aged youth from 34 countries and their relationships with physical activity and dietary patterns. Obes Rev 2005;6:123-32.

  19. Desai MN, Miller WC, Staples B, Bravender T. Risk factors associated with overweight and obesity in college students. J Am College Health 2008; 57:109-14.

  20. Chin JH, Chang KJ. College students' attitude toward body weight control, health-related lifestyle and dietary behavior by self-perception on body image and obesity index. J Korean Soc Food Sci Nutr 2005;34:1559-65.

  21. Steptoe A, Wardle J, Cui W, Bellisle F, Zotti AM, Baranyai R; et al. Trends in smoking, diet, physical exercise, and attitudes toward health in European university students from 13 countries, 1990-2000. Prev Med 2002;35:97-104.

  22. Bellisle F, Monneuse MO, Steptoe A, Wardle J. Weight concerns and eating patterns: A survey of university students in Europe. Int J Obes Relat Metab Dis 1995;19:723-30.

  23. Thompson JK, Smolak L. Body image, eating disorders, and obesity in youth: Assessment, prevention, and treatment. Taylor & Francis. New York: 2001.

  24. Huang TTK, Harris KJ, Lee RE, Nazir N, Born W, Kaur H. Assessing overweight, obesity, diet, and physical activity in college students. J Am College Health 2003;52:83-6.

  25. Durán S, Castillo M, Vio F. Diferencias en la calidad de vida de estudiantes universitarios de diferente año de ingreso del campus ANTUMAPU. Rev Chilena Nutrición 2009;36:200-9.

  26. Arechabaleta G, Castillo H, Herrera H, Pacheco M, Composición corporal en una población de estudiantes universitarios. Rev Fac Medicina [Caracas] 2002;25:209-16.

  27. Martínez Roldán C, Veiga Herreros P, López de Andrés A, Cobo Sanz J, Carbajal Azcona A. Evaluación del estado nutricional de un grupo de estudiantes universitarios mediante parámetros dietéticos y de composición corporal. Nutrición Hospitalaria [España] 2005; 20:197-203.

  28. Kumul LP, Campos AC, Ruiz AB, Evia LC, López ML, Ruelas AFC. Efectos atribuibles a la procedencia de estudiantes universitarios sobre su estado nutricional: Foráneos y locales. Nutrición Clínica Dietética Hospitalaria 2009;29:40-5.

  29. Lorenzini R, Betancur-Ancona DA, Chel-Guerrero LA, Segura-Campos MR, Castellanos-Ruelas AF. Estado nutricional en relación con el estilo de vida de estudiantes universitarios mexicanos. Nutrición Hospitalaria [España] 2015;32:94-100.

  30. Weiner JS, Lourie JA. Human biology. A guide to field methods. International Biological Program. Handbook number 9. Blackwell Scientific Publications. Oxford: 1969.

  31. Lohman TG, Roche AF, Martorell R. Anthropometric standardization reference manual. Second Edition. Human Kinetics Books. Champaign [Illinois]: 1991. Pp 44-47.

  32. WHO Working Group. Use and interpretation of anthropometric indicators of nutritional status. Bull World Health Org 1986;64:929-41.

  33. Seidel JC, Deurenberg P. Fat distribution of overweight persons in relation to morbidity and subjective health. Int J Obesity 1985;9:363-74.

  34. Dobbelsteyn CJ, Joffres MR, MacLean DR, Flowerdew G. A comparative evaluation of waist circumference, waistto- hip ratio and body mass index as indicators of cardiovascular risk factors. The Canadian Heart Health Surveys. Int J Obes Related Metab Disorders 2001;25:652-61.

  35. Ashwell M, Gunn P, Gibson S. Waist‐toheight ratio is a better screening tool than waist circumference and BMI for adult cardiometabolic risk factors: Systematic review and meta‐analysis. Obesity Rev 2012;13:275-86.

  36. Pérez León S, Díaz Perera Fernández G. Circunferencia de la cintura en adultos, indicador de riesgo de aterosclerosis, Rev Habanera Ciencias Médicas 2011; 10:441-7.

  37. Durnin JVGA, Womersley J. Body fat assessed from total body density and its estimates from skinfold thickness: Measurements on 481 men and women aged from 16 to 72 years. Br J Nutr 1974;32:77-97.

  38. Siri WE. The gross composition of the body. En: Advances in Biological and Medical Physics [Editores: Lawrence TH, Tobias CA]. Academic Press. New York: 1956. pp 239-80.

  39. Siri WE. Body composition from fluid spaces and density: Analysis of methods. En: Techniques for measuring body composition [Editores: Brozek J, Henschel A]. Natl Acad Sci Natl Res Counc. Washington, DC: 1961. pp 223- 44.

  40. Gurney M, Jelliffe DB. Arm anthropometric in nutritional assessment for rapid calculation of muscle circumference and cross-sectional muscle and fat areas. Am J Clin Nutr 1973;26:912-5.

  41. Heymsfield SB, McManus C, Smith J, Stevens V, Nixon DW. Anthropometric measurement of muscle mass: Revised equations for calculating bone-free arm muscle area. Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 36:680-90.

  42. Watson PE, Watson ID, Batt RD. Total body water volumes for adult males and females estimated from simple anthropometric measurements. Am J Clin Nutr 1980;33:27-39.

  43. Santana Porbén S, Martínez Canalejo H. Manual de Procedimientos Bioestadísticos. Segunda Edición. EAE Editorial Académica Española. ISBN-13: 9783659059629. ISBN-10: 3659059625. Madrid: 2012.

  44. Barquera S, Campos-Nonato I, Hernández-Barrera L, Pedroza A, Rivera-Dommarco JA. Prevalence of obesity in Mexican adults 2000-2012. Salud Pública México 2013;55(Suppl): S151-S160.

  45. Rtveladze K, Marsh T, Barquera S, Romero LMS, Levy D, Melendez G; et al. Obesity prevalence in Mexico: Impact on health and economic burden. Public Health Nutrition 2014;17:233-9.

  46. Romero Corral A, Somers VK, Sierra Johnson J, Thomas RJ, Collazo Clavell ML, Korinek J; et al. Accuracy of body mass index in diagnosing obesity in the adult general population. Int J Obes 2008;32:959-66.

  47. James WPT, Jackson-Leach R, Mhurchu CN, Kalamara E, Shayeghi M, Rigby NJ; et al. Overweight and obesity (high body mass index). En: Comparative quantification of health risks: Global and regional burden of disease attribution to selected major risk factors. Volumen 1. WHO World Health Organization. Geneva: (2004). pp 497-596. Disponible en: http://cdrwww.who.int/publications/cra/c hapters/volume1/0497-0596.pdf. Fecha de última visita: 13 de Noviembre del 2016.

  48. Nordhamn K, Södergren E, Olsson E, Karlström B, Vessby B, Berglund L. Reliability of anthropometric measurements in overweight and lean subjects: Consequences for correlations between anthropometric and other variables. Int J Obes 2000;24:652-9.

  49. Chomtho S, Fewtrell MS, Jaffe A, Williams JE, Wells JC. Evaluation of arm anthropometry for assessing pediatric body composition: Evidence from healthy and sick children. Pediatr Res 2006;59:860-5.

  50. Sjöstrom L. A computer-tomography based multicompartment body composition technique and anthropometric predictions of lean body mass, total and subcutaneous adipose tissue. Int J Obes 1991;15:19-30.

  51. Napolitano A, Miller SR, Murgatroyd PR, Coward WA, Wright A, Finer N; et al. Validation of a quantitative magnetic resonance method for measuring human body composition. Obesity 2008;16: 191-8.

  52. Lukaski HC. Methods for the assessment of human body composition: Traditional and new. Am J Clin Nutr 1987;46: 537-56.

  53. Cohn SH, Vartsky D, Yasumura S, Sawitsky A, Zanzi I, Vaswani A, Ellis KJ. Compartmental body composition based on total-body nitrogen, potassium, and calcium. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metabol 1980;239:E524-E530.

  54. Must A, Strauss RS. Risks and consequences of childhood and adolescent obesity. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1999;23(Suppl);S2-S11.

  55. Reilly JJ, Kelly J. Long-term impact of overweight and obesity in childhood and adolescence on morbidity and premature mortality in adulthood: A systematic review. Int J Obes 2011;35:891-8.

  56. Reilly JJ. Descriptive epidemiology and health consequences of childhood obesity. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2005;19:327-41.

  57. Finkelstein EA, Ruhm CJ, Kosa KM. Economic causes and consequences of obesity. Annu Rev Public Health 2005; 26:239-57.

  58. Candib LM. Obesity and diabetes in vulnerable populations: Reflection on proximal and distal causes. Ann Family Med 2007;5:547-56.

  59. Kroker-Lobos MF, Pedroza-Tobías A, Pedraza LS, Rivera JA. The double burden of undernutrition and excess body weight in Mexico. Am J Clin Nutr 2014;100(6 Suppl): S1652-S1658.

  60. Stern D, Piernas C, Barquera S, Rivera JA, Popkin BM. Caloric beverages were major sources of energy among children and adults in Mexico, 1999–2012. J Nutr 2014;144:949-56.

  61. Poskitt EME. Countries in transition: Underweight to obesity non-stop? Ann Trop Paediatr 2009;29:1-11.

  62. Castañeda Castaneira E, Ortiz Pérez H, Robles Pinto G, Molina Frechero N. Consumo de alimentos chatarra y estado nutricio en escolares de la Ciudad de México. Rev Mexicana Pediatría 2016; 83:15-9.

  63. Carrera PM, Gao X, Tucker KL. A study of dietary patterns in the Mexican- American population and their association with obesity. J Am Diet Assoc 2007;107:1735-42.

  64. Barquera S, Campos I, Rivera JA. Mexico attempts to tackle obesity: The process, results, push backs and future challenges. Obes Rev 2013;14(2Suppl): S69-S78.

  65. Driskell JA, Kim YN, Goebel KJ. Few differences found in the typical eating and physical activity habits of lowerlevel and upper-level university students. J Am Diet Assoc 2005;105:798-801.

  66. Ryo M, Maeda K, Onda T, Katashima M, Okumiya A, Nishida M; et al. A new simple method for the measurement of visceral fat accumulation by bioelectrical impedance. Diabetes Care 2005;28: 451-3.

  67. Browning LM, Mugridge O, Chatfield MD, Dixon AK, Aitken SW, Joubert I; et al. A. Validity of a new abdominal bioelectrical impedance device to measure abdominal and visceral fat: Comparison with MRI. Obesity 2010;18: 2385-91.

  68. Frisancho AR. New norms of upper limb fat and muscle areas for assessment of nutritional status. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34:2540-45.

  69. Frisancho AR. New standards of weight and body composition by frame size and height for assessment of nutritional status of adults and the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 1984;40:808-19.

  70. Frisancho AR, Tracer DP. Standards of arm muscle by stature for the assessment of nutritional status of children. Am J Phys Anthropol 1987;73:459-65.

  71. Ravasco P, Anderson H, Mardones F. Métodos de valoración del estado nutricional. Nutrición Hospitalaria [España] 2010;25:57-66.

  72. Onis MD, Onyango AW, Borghi E, Siyam A, Nishida C, Siekmann J. Development of a WHO growth reference for school-aged children and adolescents. Bull World Health Org 2007;85:660-7.

  73. Norma oficial mexicana NOM- 174- SSA-1998 para el manejo integral de la obesidad. Diario Oficial de la Federación del 7 de diciembre de 1998. Ciudad México: 1998.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com