2017, Number 03
<< Back Next >>
MediSan 2017; 21 (03)
Brief review on the pharmacology of cannabinoids
Pascual SJR, Fernández RBL
Language: Spanish
References: 50
Page: 335-345
PDF size: 615.01 Kb.
ABSTRACT
The controversy among those that promote the use of cannabinoids with therapeutic aims is intense and who consider that it is still early for their introduction in the clinic, due to their lethal effects for the human health in the different stages and conditionals of the biological development. In parallel it is debated, among the authorities in charge of looking after the health of their fellow citizens, the polemic of legalizing or not the consumption of the
Cannabis sativa in any of their forms and natural derived. Both polemics have based the study of all the forms of presentation and consumption of this herb, as well as of its synthetic derived due to their effects on the health of sick and healthy people. In this brief review outstanding aspects of their pharmacology are exposed, due to the interest and enormous flow of information generated by a large number of investigators dedicated to the study of this herb and its derived elements.
REFERENCES
UNODC Research. Informe mundial sobre las drogas. Resumen ejecutivo 2016. [citado 9 Sep 2016].
Marín Gutiérrez I. La cultura “cannábica” en España (1991-2007). Análisis socioantropológico de un nuevo tipo de movimiento social. Granada: Universidad de Granada; 2008.
Ponciano Rodríguez G. Mariguana, ¿por qué tanta controversia? Consideraciones sobre el consumo de la mariguana y su legalización. Segunda parte. RDU. 2016 [citado 9 Sep 2016]; 17(5).
Ministerio de Salud. Administración Nacional de Medicamentos, Alimentos y Tecnología Médica. Informe Ultrarrápido de evaluación de tecnología sanitaria. Usos terapéuticos de los cannabinoides. [citado 9 Sep 2016].
Nacional Institute on Drug Abuse. ¿Es la marihuana un medicamento? 2014
21.Lovinger DM. Presynaptic modulation by endocannabinoids. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2008; (184):435-77.
22.Callen Herrero L. Expresión, función y heteromerización de receptores de cannabinoides CB (2) en el sistema nervioso central. España: Universidad de Barcelona; 2012.
23.Safo PK, Cravatt BF, Regehr WG. Retrograde endocannabinoid signaling in the cerebellar cortex. Cerebellum. 2006; 5(2):134-45.
24.Rácz I, Bilkei Gorzo A, Markert A, Stamer F, Göthert M, Zimmer A. Anandamide effects on 5-HT(3) receptors in vivo. Eur J Pharmacol. 2008; 596(1-3):98-101.
25.Sigel E, Baur R, Rácz ,Marazzi J, Smart TG, Zimmer A, Gertsch J. The major central endocannabinoid directly acts at GABA (A) receptors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 2011; 108(44):18150-5.
26.Ódena Garcia G. Paper del receptor de cannabinoides 1 (CB1) a la Cirrosi experimental. Eefecte del bloqueig de CB1 sobre les complicacions de la cirrosi. España: Universidad de Barcelona; 2012.
27.Aguirre Rueda D. Daño inflamatorio y estrés oxidativo en la enfermedad de Alzheimer. Efecto de polifenoles y cannabinoides. España: Universidad de Valencia; 2014.
28.Cohen C, Kodas E, Griebel G. CB1 receptor antagonists for the treatment of nicotine addiction. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 2005; 81(2):387-95.
29.Jensen B, Chen J, Furnish T, Wallace M. Medical marijuana and chronic pain: a review of basic science and clinical evidence. Curr Pain Headache Rep. 2015; 19(10):50.
30.Bowman WC, Rand MJ. Farmacología social: usos de fármacos con fines no médicos: farmacodependencia. En: Farmacología. Bases bioquímicas y patológicas. Aplicaciones clínicas. 2 ed. La Habana: Editora Revolucionaria; 1987. p. 4238–39.
31.Chimalakonda KC, Seely KA, Bratton SM, Brents LK, Moran CL, Endres GW, et al. Cytochrome P450-mediated oxidative metabolism of abused synthetic cannabinoids found in K2/Spice: identification of novel cannabinoid receptor ligands. Drug Metab Dispos. 2012; 40(11):2174-84.
32.Su MK, Seely KA, Moran JH, Hoffman RS. Metabolism of classical cannabinoids and the synthetic cannabinoid JWH-018. Clin Pharmacol Ther. 2015; 97(6):562-4.
33.Valcárcel G, García MT, Cruz E, Corte Z, Gacimartín MV, Avello MT, et al. Drogas de abuso. Boletín informativo. Hospital San Agustín. 2005; 6(1):1-4.
34.Ing Lorenzini K, Broers B, Lalive PH, Dayer P, Desmeules J, Piguet V. Clinical pharmacology of medical cannabinoids in chronic pain. Rev Med Suisse. 2015; 11(480):1390, 1392-4.[citado 9 Sep 2016].
Gaviria Uribe A. La marihuana con uso terapéutico en el contexto colombiano. Bogotá: MinSalud; 2014.
Merroun I. Efecto de los cannabinoides en la regulación de la ingesta y en el aprovechamiento digestivo y metabólico de nutrientes. Granada: Universidad de Granada; 2008.
Cabezos Rodríguez PA. Efectos centrales y periféricos de la administración crónica del agonista cannabinoide win 55,212-2, y su utilización en algunas alteraciones producidas por el cisplatino en rata. Madrid: Universidad Rey Juan Carlos; 2010.
Corcoran L, Roche M, Finn DP. The role of the brain's endocannabinoid system in pain and its modulation by stress. Int Rev Neurobiol. 2015; 125:203-55.
10.Morena M, Patel S, Bains JS, Hill MN. Neurobiological interactions between stress and the endocannabinoid system. Neuropsychopharmacology. 2016; 41(1):80-102.
11.Mechoulam R. Marihuana chemistry. Science. 1970; 168(3936):1159-66.
12.Pertwee RG, Howlett AC, Abood ME, Alexander SP, Di Marzo V, Elphick MR, et al. International Union of Basic and Clinical Pharmacology. LXXIX. Cannabinoid receptors and their ligands: Beyond CB1 and CB2. Pharmacol Rev. 2010; 62(4): 588–631.
13.Console Bram L, Marcu J, Abood ME. Cannabinoid receptors: nomenclature and pharmacological principles. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry. 2012; 38(1):4–15.
14.Pertwee RG. Pharmacological actions of cannabinoids. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2005;(168):1-51.
15.Fride E. The endocannabinoid-CB1 receptor system in pre- and postnatal life. EJP. 2004; 500(1–3):289–97.
16.Munro S, Thomas KL, Abu Shaar M. Molecular characterization of a peripheral receptor for cannabinoids. Nature. 1993; 365(6441):61-5.
17.Klein TW, Newton C, Larsen K, Lu L, Perkins I, Nong L, et al. The cannabinoid system and immune modulation. J Leukoc Biol. 2003; 74(4):486-96.
18.Elorriaga García R. Localización por imagen de alta resolución del sistema cannabinoide endógeno en la mitocondria del músculo estriado de roedor. País Vasco: UPV/EHU; 2015.
19.Bobes García J, Calafat Far A. Monografía Cannabis. Adicciones. 2000; 12(2 supl 2):1-2.
20.Vaughan CW, Christie MJ. Retrograde signalling by endocannabinoids. Handb Exp Pharmacol. 2005;(168):367-83.
35.Peters FT, Martinez Ramirez JA. Analytical toxicology of emerging drugs of abuse. Ther Drug Monit. 2010; 32(5):532-9.
36.Castaneto MS, Scheidweiler KB, Gandhi A, Wohlfarth A, Klette KL, Martin TM, et al. Quantitative urine confirmatory testing for synthetic cannabinoids in randomly collecte urine especimens. Drug Test Anal. 2014; 7(6):483-93.
37.Davies BB, Bayard C, Larson SJ, Zarwell LW, Mitchell RA. Retrospective analysis of synthetic cannabinoid metabolites in urine of individuals suspected of driving impaired. J Anal Toxicol. 2016; 40(2):89-96.
38.Figueroa Muñoz A, Bravo Méndez R, Triviño Angulo I, Hernández HG. Guía técnica toxicología y análisis de cannabis y sus derivados. Chile: Instituto de Salud Pública; 2015.
39.Deshpande A, Mailis Gagnon A, Zoheiry N, Lakha SF. Efficacy and adverse effects of medical marijuana for chronic noncancer pain: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Can Fam Physician. 2015; 61(8):e372–81.
40.Durán M. Uso terapéutico de los cannabinoides. EGUZKILORE. 2005; 19:139–49.
41.Lapoint J, James LP, Moran CL, Nelson LS, Hoffman RS, Moran JH. Severe toxicity following synthetic cannabinoid ingestion. Clin Toxicol (Phila). 2011; 49(8):760-4.
42.Abdel Salam OME, Salem NA, El Sayed El Shamarka M, Al Said Ahmed N, Seid Hussein J, El Khyat ZA. Cannabis-induced impairment of learning and memory: effect of different nootropic drugs. EXCLI J. 2013; 12: 193–214.
43.Radhakrishnan R, Wilkinson ST, D’Souza DC. GonetoPot. Gone to Pot - A review of the association between cannabis and psychosis. Front Psychiatry. 2014; 5:54.
44.Altintas M, Inanc L, Oruc GA, Arpacioglu S, Gulec H. Clinical characteristics of synthetic cannabinoid-induced psychosis in relation to schizophrenia: a single-center cross-sectional analysis of concurrently hospitalized patients. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat. 2016; 12:1893–1900.
45.Gorriti Irigaray MA. Cannabis, psicosis y límites de tolerancia a la dopamina. Madrid: Universidad Complutense; 1993.
46.Bioslada AB. Efectos de la exposición perinatal a THC sobre el desarrollo fetal y neonatal de las neuronas catecolaminérgicas. Madrid: Universidad Complutense; 1995.
47.Casariego Mesa AF, Lastra Bello SM. Cannabis sintético: aspectos toxicológicos, usos clínicos y droga de diseño. Rev Fac Med. 2015; 63(3):501-10.
48.Vargas Acosta D. Alteraciones neuropsicológicas por el consumo crónico de Cannabis sativa. Costa Rica: Ciudad Universitaria Rodrigo Facio; 2014.
49.Barrigón Estévez ML. Consumo de cannabis y otros factores ambientales en el primer episodio de psicosis. Granada: Universidad de Granada; 2013.
50.Larrinaga Enbeita G, Vergel Méndez S. Neurobiología de la drogadicción. Cannabis. Osasunaz. 2001; 4:177-96.