medigraphic.com
ISSN 0016-3813 (Print)

2017, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Gac Med Mex 2017; 153 (1)

The 2009 pandemic in Mexico: Experience and lessons regarding national preparedness policies for seasonal and epidemic influenza

Cordova-Villalobos JA, Macias AE, Hernandez-Avila M, Dominguez-Cherit G, Lopez-Gatell H, Alpuche-Aranda C, Ponce de León-Rosales S

Language: English
References: 34
Page: 102-110
PDF size: 98.81 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Influenza is a viral respiratory disease capable of causing epidemics that represent a threat for global security. Mexico was the first country to notify the WHO of an outbreak of what later became the first influenza pandemic of the 21st Century, caused by the virus A(H1N1)2009. Before this event Mexico had a national pandemic influenza preparedness plan, which included seasonal influenza vaccination, stockpiles of personal protection equipment and strategic drugs, and risk communication strategies. During the epidemic, the national public health laboratory network and case surveillance systems were strengthened together with surge capacities for intensive care and delivery of antiviral drugs. Risk communication was conducted for people to comply with implemented measures regarding social distancing (workplace and school closures, household quarantine). This report describes the Mexican experience during the 2009 influenza pandemic and the lessons that this experience provides to public health preparedness for future pandemics.


REFERENCES

  1. Writing Committee of the WHO Consultation on Clinical Aspects of Pandemic (H1N1) 2009 Influenza. Clinical aspects of pandemic 2009 influenza A (H1N1) virus infection. N Engl J Med. 2010;362:1708-19.

  2. Macias AE, de la Torre A, Moreno-Espinosa S, Leal PE, Bourlon MT, Ruiz-Palacios GM. Controlling the novel A (H1N1) influenza virus: don’t touch your face! J Hosp Infect. 2009;73:280-1.

  3. Influenza (Seasonal). World Health Organization, Fact sheet No. 211, April 2009. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/ fs211/en/.

  4. USA National Strategy for Pandemic Influenza, November 2005. Available from: http://www.flu.gov/professional/federal/pandemic-influenza. pdf.

  5. Charu V, Chowell G, Palacio Mejia LS, et al. Mortality burden of the A/ H1N1 pandemic in Mexico: a comparison of deaths and years of life lost to seasonal influenza. Clin Infect Dis. 2011;53:985-93.

  6. Belshe RB. The Origins of Pandemic Influenza – Lessons from the 1918 Virus. N Engl J Med. 2005;353:2209-11.

  7. Taubenberger JK, Morens DM. 1918 Influenza: The Mother of All Pandemics. Emerg Infect Dis. 2006;12:15-22.

  8. Domínguez-Cherit G, Lapinsky SE, Macias A, et al. Critically ill patients with 2009 influenza A(H1N1) in Mexico. JAMA. 2009;302:1880-7.

  9. Perez-Padilla R, de la Rosa-Zamboni D, Ponce de Leon S, et al. Pneumonia and respiratory failure from swine-origin influenza A (H1N1) in Mexico. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:680-9.

  10. Centers for Disease Control (CDC). Swine influenza A (H1N1) infection in two children–Southern California, March-April 2009. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2009;58:400-2.

  11. Garten RJ, Davis CT, Russell CA, et al. Antigenic and genetic characteristics of swine-origin 2009 A(H1N1) influenza viruses circulating in humans. Science. 2009:325:197-201.

  12. Dawood FS, Jain S, Finelli L, et al. Emergence of a novel swineorigin influenza A (H1N1) virus in humans. N Engl J Med. 2009;360: 2605-15.

  13. Chowell G, Bertozzi SM, Colchero MA, et al. Severe respiratory disease concurrent with the circulation of H1N1 influenza. N Engl J Med. 2009;361:674-9

  14. The 2009 H1N1 Pandemic: Summary Highlights, April 2009-April 2010. Available from: http://www.cdc.gov/h1n1flu/cdcresponse.htm.

  15. Swine Influenza. Statement by WHO Director General, Dr Margaret Chan, WHO 25 April 2009. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/ news/statements/2009/h1n1_20090425/en/index.html.

  16. World now at the start of 2009 influenza pandemic. Statement to the press by WHO Director General Dr Margaret Chan, WHO 11 June 2009. Available from: http://www.who.int/mediacentre/news/statements/2009/ h1n1_pandemic_phase6_20090611/en/index.html.

  17. Cepal. Evaluación preliminar del impacto en México de la influenza AH1N1. Available from: http://www.eclac.cl/publicaciones/xml/4/38894/ 2010-011_Influenza-L958w.pdf.

  18. Organización Panamericana de la Salud. CEPAL/OPS-OMS. Evaluación preliminar del impacto en México de la influenza A H1N1. LC/ MEX/L.958/23 March 2010.

  19. Simonsen L, Spreeuwenberg P, Lustig R, et al. Global mortality estimates for the 2009 Influenza Pandemic from the GLaMOR project: a modeling study. PLoS Med. 2013;10:e1001558.

  20. Mensua A, Mounier-Jack S, Coker R. Pandemic influenza preparedness in Latin America: analysis of national strategic plans. Health Policy Plan. 2009;24:253-60.

  21. WHO Guidelines on the use of vaccines and antivirals during influenza pandemics. Available from: http://www.who.int/csr/resources/publications/ influenza/11_29_01_A.pdf.

  22. Guidance on allocating and targeting pandemic influenza. Available from: Vaccine http://www.flu.gov/images/reports/pi_vaccine_allocation_ guidance.pdf.

  23. Borse RH, Shrestha SS, Fiore AE, et al. Effects of vaccine program against pandemic influenza A(H1N1) virus, United States, 2009-2010. Emerg Infect Dis. 2013;19:439-48.

  24. Vacuna contra A H1N1 llega a Mexico. Available from: http://www. eluniversal.com.mx/notas/641548.html.

  25. Harper SA, Bradley JS, Englund JA, et al. Seasonal influenza in adults and children – diagnosis, treatment, chemoprophylaxis, and institutional outbreak management: clinical practice guidelines of the Infectious Diseases Society of America. Clin Infect Dis. 2009;48:1003-32.

  26. Muthuri SG, Myles PR, Venkatesan S, Leonardi-Bee J, Nguyen-Van-Tam JS. Impact of neuraminidase inhibitor treatment on outcomes of public health importance during the 2009-2010 influenza A(H1N1) pandemic: a systematic review and meta-analysis in hospitalized patients. J Infect Dis. 2013;207:553-63.

  27. Gutiérrez-Mendoza LM, Schwartz B, Méndez de Lira JJ, Wirtz VJ. Oseltamivir storage, distribution and dispensing following the 2009 H1N1 influenza outbreak in Mexico. Bull World Health Organ. 2012;90: 782-7.

  28. World Health Organization. WHO checklist for influenza pandemic preparedness planning. Available from: http://www.who.int/influenza/ resources/documents/FluCheck6web.pdf

  29. Couch RB. Seasonal Inactivated Influenza Virus Vaccines. Vaccine. 2008;26(Suppl 4):D5-9.

  30. McKeage K. Inactivated quadrivalent split-virus seasonal influenza vaccine (Fluarix® quadrivalent): a review of its use in the prevention of disease caused by influenza A and B. Drugs. 2013;73:1587-94.

  31. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). Prevention and control of seasonal influenza with vaccines: recommendations of the Advisory Committee on Immunization Practices – United States, 2013-2014. MMWR Recomm Rep. 2013;62:1-43.

  32. Garcia-Garcia L, Valdespino-Gómez JL, Lazcano-Ponce E, et al. Partial protection of seasonal trivalent inactivated vaccine against novel pandemic influenza A/H1N1 2009: case-control study in Mexico City. BMJ. 2009;339:b3928.

  33. Manzoli L, Ioannidis JP, Flacco ME, De Vito C, Villari P. Effectiveness and harms of seasonal and pandemic influenza vaccines in children, adults and elderly: a critical review and re-analysis of 15 meta-analyses. Hum Vaccine Immunother. 2012;8:851-62.

  34. Devereaux AV, Dichter JR, Christian MD, et al. Definitive care for the critically ill during a disaster: A framework for allocation of scarce resources in mass critical care from a task force for mass critical care summit meeting, January 26-27, 2007, Chicago, IL. Chest. 2008;133:51-66S.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com