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2016, Number 4

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Anales de Radiología México 2016; 15 (4)

Image spectrum of tuberculosis in the central nervous system

Gray-Lugo M, Cedi-Zamudio S, Guerrero-Avendaño GM, Gómez-Apo E

Language: Spanish
References: 39
Page: 294-307
PDF size: 692.04 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: described by Robert Koch in 1882, Mycobacterium tuberculosis is a gram-positive, acid-alcohol resistant, strictly aerobic, immobile, non-encapsulated, non-spore forming bacillus. The growth of Koch’s bacillus is slow (2-6 weeks), requiring specific media (Lowenstein Jensen); the Ziehl-Neelsen stain gives it a reddish coloration. Tuberculous compromise of the central nervous system is acquired by hematogenous transmission, with host response and the virulence factor of the bacteria is of crucial importance in determining whether the infection is contained or develops and to what degree it will spread. The location of “Rich foci” and the host’s ability to control them will determine the form of tuberculosis that develops; the majority evolve into meningitis, and less commonly into encephalitis, intracranial tuberculoma, or abscess.
Objetive: describe the image range of tuberculous compromise in the central nervous system to be considered as differential diagnosis in patients at Hospital General de Mexico Dr. Eduardo Liceaga.
Material and Methods: a retrospective, descriptive study of patients with diagnosis of tuberculosis in the central nervous system. The study includes a review of computed tomography and magnetic resonance studies, as well as histopathological results of autopsies and biopsies with diagnosis of tuberculoma, tuberculous leptomeningitis, and granulomatous meningovasculitis performed at Hospital General de Mexico Dr. Eduardo Liceaga in the period between March 2009 and March 2016.
Conclusion: because tuberculosis is the great simulator, it is important that healthcare personnel be made aware of the image expressions each patient may present, especially if the patient has risk factors or lives in a developing country.


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