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2016, Number 3

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Rev Cuba Endoc 2016; 27 (3)

Metformin as an alternative for the prevention and treatment of cancer

Licea PME, Hernández RJ

Language: Spanish
References: 62
Page: 69-79
PDF size: 165.23 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Background: metformin, a safe inexpensive drug, has proved to improve the prognosis of several types of cancer.
Objective: to review the most relevant aspects of the relationship among diabetes mellitus, metformin and cancer.
Development: diabetes mellitus, particularly type 2, is related to some kinds of cancer (breast, liver, pancreas, gynecological, gallbladder, colon and rectum), and its recurrence and mortality increase in men. The mechanism behind this relationship is not fully clarified. Insulin and insulin-like growth factor under hyperinsulinism and insulin resistance conditions may play a fundamental role in developing cancer as well as other common risk factors for diabetes mellitus and cancer (unhealthy feeding, sedentary lifestyle, addictions, age, sex, ethnic group and race). Liver kinase B1 protein has been identified as tumor suppressor protein which binds the metformin to impair the mitochondrial respiratory chain complex I and leads to reduction of adenosine triphosphate synthesis and to the increase of mytogen-activated protein-adenosine triphosphate quotient in the intracellular space. Chemotherapeutic, steroid and anti-androgen drugs may negatively affect the hydrocarbon metabolism. Some antihyperglycemic drugs have been related to specific cancers, although the evidence is still poor, indirect and controversial.
Conclusions: metformin may be used to prevent and treat some types of cancer and to reduce recurrence and mortality. There seems to be some relationship between cancer and diabetes mellitus, even when many aspects remain to be ascertained such as the role played by anticancer and antihyperglycemic drugs intended to treat both diseases.


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