2016, Number 2
<< Back Next >>
Odovtos-Int J Dent Sc 2016; 18 (2)
Triclosan in Toothpaste, Is There Any Real Risk for the Health?
García YG, Sánchez AJ, Galindo REL, Cerda-Cristerna BI
Language: Spanish
References: 40
Page: 41-49
PDF size: 156.65 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Triclosan is an antimicrobial drug that is widely used in products for human hygiene, beauty and
home cleanliness. It is a common compound in toothpaste that have showed efficacy on the control and
treatment of gingivitis. However, during the last decade, the triclosan has been extensively investigated
because of its cytotoxicity, its ability to disturb cellular mechanisms on endocrine-system cells, and
because of its cancerogenic
in vitro and
in vivo properties. Moreover, public opinion has paid attention to
the toxic action of the triclosan. Thus, the dentist should know the state of the art about the detrimental
effects of triclosan on patients’ health. This review explores the triclosan on its cytotoxicity,
in vitro and
in vivo cancerogenic effects, absorption in humans, and the toxic effects caused by triclosan toothpaste.
REFERENCES
Ghassemi A., Vorwerk L., Hooper W., Patel V., Milleman J. L., Milleman K. R.; Comparative plaque removal efficacy of two new powered toothbrushes and a manual toothbrush; J. Clin Dent 2014; 25: 1-5.
Nightingale K. J., Chinta S. K., Agarwal P., Nemelivsky M., Frisina A. C., Cao Z., et al.; Toothbrush efficacy for plaque removal; Int. J. Dent Hyg. 2014; 12: 251-6.
Triratana T., Kraivaphan P., Amornchat C., Mateo L. R., Morrison B. M., Jr., Dibart S., et al.; Comparing three toothpastes in controlling plaque and gingivitis: A 6-month clinical study; Am J. Dent 2015; 28: 68-74.
Zhu M., Li J., Chen B., Mei L., Yao L., Tian J., et al.; The Effect of Calcium Sodium Phosphosilicate on Dentin Hypersensitivity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis; PLoS One. 2015; 10: e0140176.
Magno M. B., Nascimento G. C., Da Penha N. K., Pessoa O. F., Loretto S. C., Maia L. C.; Difference in effectiveness between strontium acetate and arginine-based toothpastes to relieve dentin hypersensitivity. A systematic review; Am J. Dent 2015; 28:40-4.
Carey C. M.; Tooth whitening: what we now know; J. Evid Based Dent Pract. 2014; 14 Suppl: 70-6.
Haraszthy V. I., Sreenivasan P. K., Zambon J. J.; Community-level assessment of dental plaque bacteria susceptibility to triclosan over 19 years; BMC Oral Health. 2014; 14:61.
Riley P., Lamont T.; Triclosan/copolymer containing toothpastes for oral health; Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2013; 12: CD010514.
Davies R. M., Ellwood R. P., Davies G. M.; The effectiveness of a toothpaste containing triclosan and polyvinyl-methyl ether maleic acid copolymer in improving plaque control and gingival health: a systematic review; J. Clin Periodontol. 2004; 31: 1029-33.
Salzer S., Slot D. E., Dorfer C. E., Van der Weijden G. A.; Comparison of triclosan and stannous fluoride dentifrices on parameters of gingival inflammation and plaque scores: a systematic review and meta-analysis; Int. J. Dent Hyg. 2015; 13:1-17.
Kim J. Y., Yi B. R., Go R. E., Hwang K. A., Nam K. H., Choi K. C.; Methoxychlor and triclosan stimulates ovarian cancer growth by regulating cell cycle- and apoptosis-related genes via an estrogen receptor-dependent pathway; Environ Toxicol Pharmacol. 2014; 37: 1264-74.
Yueha M. F., Taniguchib K., Chena S., Ronald M.; The commonly used antimicrobial additive triclosan is a liver tumor promoter; PNAS. 2014; 111: 17200-5.
Dinwiddie M. T., Terry P. D., Chen J.; Recent evidence regarding triclosan and cancer risk; Int. J. Environ Res Public Health. 2014; 11: 2209-17.
A. M. Antibacterial Chemical Raises Safety Issues: New York Times; 2014. Available from: http://www.nytimes.com/2011/08/20/ business/triclosan-an-antibacterial-chemicalin- consumer-products-raises-safety-issues. html?_r=0.
Is cancer lurking in your toothpaste? (and your soap? and your lipstick?): Newsweek; 2014 [cited 2016 02/07/2016]. Available from: http://www.newsweek.com/2014/09/26/ cancer-lurking-your-toothpaste-and-yoursoap- and-your-lipstick-268322.html.
Avon will remove triclosan from products– what will replace it? : The Guardian; 2014. Available from: http://www.theguardian. com/sustainable-business/avon-removetriclosan- product-cosmetic-chemicals.
Conozca más acerca de la seguridad y eficacia de la crema dental colgate® total 12. Available from: http://www.colgate.com.mx/ app/ColgateTotal/MX/beneficios-total/triclosan. cwsp?utm_source=Gs&utm_medium=MX_ OC&utm_campaign=_AM_Total12_ ColgateTriclosan&utm_content=prod_tp_ ColgateTotal_08&cid=Gs_MX_OC__AM_ Total12_ColgateTriclosan__prod_tp_ColgateTota l_08&gclid=CLqpzNiP_8sCFQgaaQod5qcMcw.
Guo L. W., Wu Q., Green B., Nolen G., Shi L., Losurdo J., et al.; Cytotoxicity and inhibitory effects of low-concentration triclosan on adipogenic differentiation of human mesenchymal stem cells; Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 2012; 262: 117-23.
Heath R. J., Rock C. O.; Enoyl-acyl carrier protein reductase (fabI) plays a determinant role in completing cycles of fatty acid elongation in Escherichia coli; J. Biol Chem. 1995; 270: 26538-42.
Babich H., Babich J. P.; Sodium lauryl sulfate and triclosan: in vitro cytotoxicity studies with gingival cells; Toxicol Lett. 1997; 91: 189-96.
Zuckerbraun H. L., Babich H., May R., Sinensky M. C.; Triclosan: cytotoxicity, mode of action, and induction of apoptosis in human gingival cells in vitro; Eur J. Oral Sci. 1998; 106: 628-36.
Henry N. D., Fair P. A.; Comparison of in vitro cytotoxicity, estrogenicity and antiestrogenicity of triclosan, perfluorooctane sulfonate and perfluorooctanoic acid; J Appl Toxicol. 2013; 33: 265-72.
Honkisz E., Zieba-Przybylska D., Wojtowicz A. K.; The effect of triclosan on hormone secretion and viability of human choriocarcinoma JEG- 3 cells; Reprod Toxicol. 2012; 34: 385-92.
Lee H. R., Hwang K. A., Nam K. H., Kim H. C., Choi K. C.; Progression of breast cancer cells was enhanced by endocrine-disrupting chemicals, triclosan and octylphenol, via an estrogen receptor-dependent signaling pathway in cellular and mouse xenograft models; Chem Res Toxicol. 2014; 27: 834-42.
Gee R. H., Charles A., Taylor N., Darbre P. D.; Oestrogenic and androgenic activity of triclosan in breast cancer cells; J. Appl Toxicol. 2008; 28: 78-91.
Schweizer H. P.; Triclosan: a widely used biocide and its link to antibiotics; FEMS Microbiol Lett. 2001; 202:1-7.
Perencevich E. N., Wong M. T., Harris A. D.; National and regional assessment of the antibacterial soap market: a step toward determining the impact of prevalent antibacterial soaps; Am J. Infect Control. 2001; 29: 281-3.
Sandborgh-Englund G., Adolfsson-Erici M., Odham G., Ekstrand J.; Pharmacokinetics of triclosan following oral ingestion in humans; J. Toxicol Environ Health A. 2006; 69: 1861-73.
Rodricks J. V., Swenberg J. A., Borzelleca J. F., Maronpot R. R., Shipp A. M.; Triclosan: a critical review of the experimental data and development of margins of safety for consumer products; Crit Rev Toxicol. 2010; 40: 422-84.
Allmyr M., Adolfsson-Erici M., McLachlan M. S., Sandborgh-Englund G; Triclosan in plasma and milk from Swedish nursing mothers and their exposure via personal care products; Sci Total Environ. 2006;372:87-93.
Dayan A. D.; Risk assessment of triclosan [Irgasan] in human breast milk; Food Chem Toxicol. 2007; 45: 125-9.
Calafat A. M., Ye X., Wong L. Y., Reidy J. A., Needham L. L.; Urinary concentrations of triclosan in the U.S. population: 2003-2004; Environ Health Perspect. 2008; 116: 303-7.
Allmyr M., Panagiotidis G., Sparve E., Diczfalusy U., Sandborgh-Englund G.; Human exposure to triclosan via toothpaste does not change CYP3A4 activity or plasma concentrations of thyroid hormones; Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol. 2009; 105: 339-44.
Cullinan M. P., Palmer J. E., Carle A. D., West M. J., Seymour G. J.; Long term use of triclosan toothpaste and thyroid function; Sci Total Environ. 2012; 416: 75-9.
Cherednichenko G., Zhang R., Bannister R. A., Timofeyev V., Li N., Fritsch E. B., et al.; Triclosan impairs excitation-contraction coupling and Ca2+ dynamics in striated muscle; Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012; 109: 14158-63.
Cullinan M. P., Palmer J. E., Carle A. D., West M. J., Westerman B., Seymour G. J.; The influence of a triclosan toothpaste on adverse events in patients with cardiovascular disease over 5-years; Sci Total Environ. 2015; 508: 546-52.
Savage J. H., Matsui E. C., Wood R. A., Keet CA; Urinary levels of triclosan and parabens are associated with aeroallergen and food sensitization; J. Allergy Clin Immunol. 2012; 130: 453-60 e7.
Skaare A., Kjaerheim V., Barkvoll P., Rolla G.; Skin reactions and irritation potential of four commercial toothpastes; Acta Odontol Scand. 1997; 55: 133-6.
Ozkaya E., Kavlak Bozkurt P.; An unusual case of triclosan-induced immunological contact urticaria; Contact Dermatitis. 2013; 68: 121-3.
Administration FaD. Triclosan: What Consumers Should Know 2013 [cited 2016 05-02-2016]. Available from: http://www. fda.gov/ForConsumers/ConsumerUpdates/ ucm205999.htm.