2016, Number 2
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Rev Mex Periodontol 2016; 7 (2)
Matrix metalloproteinases in patients with periodontitis and diabetes mellitus
Gómez-Sandoval JR, Mariaud-Schmidt RP
Language: Spanish
References: 32
Page: 55-60
PDF size: 328.76 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Periodontitis is an inflammation of the supporting structures of the teeth, usually caused by specific microorganisms or groups of microorganisms, that results in the progressive destruction of the periodontal ligament and alveolar bone. In addition, periodontitis has an important relationship with chronic degenerative diseases, such as diabetes mellitus. There is evidence that in patients with diabetes mellitus, a decreased activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes exists, as well as defects in apoptosis, formation of advanced glycosylation end products, continuous release of matrix metalloproteinases and reactive oxygen species, all of which contribute to the accelerated destruction of the periodontal tissues. Specifically, matrix metalloproteinases are extracellular proteases required in many processes related to cell development, tissue regeneration and some diseases such as cancer. Their physiological activity is to degrade the extracellular matrix proteins; when overexpressed, they increase their degradative activity, which induces tissue damage. Several authors have reported that matrix metalloproteinases, including matrix metalloproteinases-2, 3, 8 and 13, are present in the inflamed periodontal tissue, causing damage to it. In patients with diabetes and periodontitis, increased levels of matrix metalloproteinases-2, 8, 9 and 14 have been identified, regardless of periodontal inflammation. Detecting the presence of matrix metalloproteinases in individuals with periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus could represent an important biomarker of tissue damage.
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