medigraphic.com
ISSN 0210-5187 (Electronic)

2015, Number S1

<< Back Next >>

Med Cutan Iber Lat Am 2015; 43 (S1)

Nailfold capillaroscopy

Leroux MB

Language: Spanish
References: 45
Page: 17-27
PDF size: 803.53 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Capillaroscopy is a technique based on the analysis of in vivo direct images of the cutaneous microcirculation. Due to the fact that it is a non-invasive procedure can be applied to both children and adults. In the present communication it is briefly described the periungual capillaroscopy, its scoring, indications, and diagnostic utility as well as a prognostic factor in rheumatic diseases. The optical devices for capillaroscopy are either light or digital microscope with a magnifying power of 40 to 200x that permit to observe the capillaries structure and function. In healthy individuals the normal pattern is described as follows: a) capillary crown with delicate red elements resembling an inverted U with the arms parallel to the finger longitudinal axis; b) capillary density per mm2 is 7 to 17; c) delicate superficial vascular plexus and d) microvascular preserved function, visualized as defined structures without interference, absence of hemorrhage or exudates and preserved perfusion. Altered patterns show structural modified capillaries and disordered capillary bed. The most characteristic pathological patterns are: a) sclerodermiform (megacapillaries, decrease or loss of capillaries, neoformation of blood vessels, distorted bed structure, serpentine-like and glomerular capillaries); and b) systemic lupus erythematosus type with increased tortuousness affecting the three parts of the capillary with meanders or corkscrew or circumvolution and increased length. Capillaroscopy in rheumatic diseases shows microvascular pathological patterns described for primary and secondary Raynaud’s disease, systemic scleroderma, connective tissue mixed disease, dermatomyositis, systemic lupus erythematosus, rheumatoid arthritis, Sjögren’s syndrome, antiphospholipid syndrome and psoriasis.


REFERENCES

  1. Roustit M, Cracowski JL. Non-invasive assessment of skin microvascular function in humans: an insight into methods. Microcirculation. 2012; 19: 47-64.

  2. Maricq HR, Downey JA, LeRoy EC. Standstill of nailfold capillary blood flow during cooling in scleroderma and Raynaud’s syndrome. Blood Vessels. 1976; 13: 338-349.

  3. Maricq HR, Valter I. A working classification of scleroderma spectrum disorders: a proposal and the results of testing on a sample of patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2004; 22: S5-13.

  4. Piotto DG, Len CA, Hilário MO, Terreri MT. Nailfold capillaroscopy in children and adolescents with rheumatic diseases. Rev Bras Reumatol. 2012; 52: 722-732.

  5. Spengler MI, Svetaz MJ, Leroux MB, Leiva ML, Bottai HM. Association between capillaroscopy, haemorheological variables and plasma proteins in patients bearing Raynaud’s phenomenon. Clin Hemorheol Microcirc. 2004; 30: 17-24.

  6. Hoerth C, Kundi M, Katzenschlager R, Hirschl M. Qualitative and quantitative assessment of nailfold capillaries by capillaroscopy in healthy volunteers. Vasa. 2012; 41: 19-26.

  7. Herrick AL. The pathogenesis, diagnosis and treatment of Raynaud phenomenon. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 2012; 8: 469-479.

  8. Michaelis T, Andretta M, Albers C, Skare TL, Ribas CA, Moreira LB. Evaluation of the capillaroscopy using endothelin-1 as a marker of endothelial activation in microvascular injury and cutaneous ulcerations. Rev Col Bras Cir. 2012; 39: 126-132.

  9. Manetti M, Guiducci S, Ibba-Manneschi L, Matucci-Cerenic M. Mechanisms in the loss of capillaries in systemic sclerosis: angiogenesis versus vasculogenesis. J Cell Mol Med. 2010; 14: 1241-1254.

  10. Lambova S, Müller-Ladner U. Capillaroscopic findings in systemic sclerosis-are they associated with disease duration and presence of digital ulcers? Discov Med. 2011; 12: 413-418.

  11. Wildt M, Wuttge DM, Hesselstrand R, Scheja A. Assessment of capillary density in systemic sclerosis with three different capillaroscopic methods. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2012; 30: S50-S54.

  12. Sulli A, Pizzorni C, Smith V, Zampogna G, Ravera F, Cutolo M. Timing of transition between capillaroscopic patterns in systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2012; 64: 821-825.

  13. Herrick AL, Cutolo M. Clinical implications from capillaroscopic analysis in patients with Raynaud’s phenomenon and systemic sclerosis. Arthritis Rheum. 2010; 62: 2595-2604.

  14. Ingegnoli F, Boracchi P, Gualtierotti R, Lubatti C, Meani L, Zahalkova L et al. Prognostic model based on nailfold capillaroscopy for identifying Raynaud’s phenomenon patients at high risk for the development of a scleroderma spectrum disorder PRINCE (Prognostic Index for Nailfold Capillaroscopic Examination). Arthritis Rheum. 2008; 58: 2174-2182.

  15. Ingegnoli F, Boracchi P, Gualtierotti R, Biganzoli EM, Zeni S, Lubatti C et al. Improving outcome prediction of systemic sclerosis from isolated Raynaud’s phenomenon: role of autoantibodies and nail-fold capillaroscopy. Rheumatology. 2010; 49: 797-805.

  16. Pistorius MA, Carpentier PH; le groupe de travail “Microcirculation” de la Société Française de Médecine Vasculaire. Minimal work-up for Raynaud syndrome: a consensus report. Microcirculation Working Group of the French Vascular Medicine Society. J Mal Vasc. 2012; 37: 207-212.

  17. Leroux MB, Rinaldi M, Palatnik S, Jorfren M, Fernández-Bussy R. Raynaud primario y secundario a síndromes esclerodermiformes. Comunicación de 97 pacientes estudiados por capilaroscopia periungueal. Arch Argent Dermatol. 2000; 50: 1519-1523.

  18. Sulli A, Burroni A, Tuccio M, Pizzorni C, Craviotto C, Ghio M et al. Nailfold videocapillaroscopy in systemic sclerosis: diagnostic and follow-up parameters and correlation with both specific serum autoantibodies and subsets of skin involvement. Reumatismo. 2004; 56: 34-45.

  19. Avouac J, Fransen J, Walker UA, Riccieri V, Smith V, Muller C et al. Preliminary criteria for the very early diagnosis of systemic sclerosis: results of a Delphi Consensus Study from EULAR Scleroderma Trials and Research Group. Ann Rheum Dis. 2011; 70: 476-481.

  20. Smith V, Decuman S, Sulli A, Bonroy C, Piettte Y, Deschepper E et al. Do worsening scleroderma capillaroscopic patterns predict future severe organ involvement? A pilot study. Ann Rheum Dis. 2012; 71: 1636-1639.

  21. Sebastiani M, Manfredi A, Colaci M, D’amico R, Malagoli V, Giuggioli D et al. Capillaroscopic skin ulcer risk index: a new prognostic tool for digital skin ulcer development in systemic sclerosis patients. Arthritis Rheum. 2009; 61: 688-694.

  22. Corrado A, Carpagnano GE, Gaudio A, Foschino-Barbaro MP, Cantatore FP. Nailfold capillaroscopic findings in systemic sclerosis related lung fibrosis and in idiopathic lung fibrosis. Joint Bone Spine. 2010; 77: 570-574.

  23. Kayser C, Sekiyama JY, Próspero LC, Camargo CZ, Andrade LE. Nailfold capillaroscopy abnormalities as predictors of mortality in patients with systemic sclerosis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2013; 31 (2 Suppl 76): 103-108.

  24. Granier F, Vayssairat M, Priollet P, Housset E. Nailfold capillary microscopy in mixed connective tissue disease. Arthritis Rheum. 1986; 29: 189-195.

  25. de Holanda Mafaldo Diógenes A, Bonfá E, Fuller R, Correia-Caleiro MT. Capillaroscopy is a dynamic process in mixed connective tissue disease. Lupus. 2007; 16: 254-258.

  26. Mercer LK, Moore TL, Chinoy H, Murray AK, Vail A, Cooper RG et al. Quantitative nailfold video capillaroscopy in patients with idiopathic inflammatory myopathy. Rheumatology. 2010; 49: 1699-1705.

  27. Riccieri V, Vasile M, Macri V, Sciarra I, Stefanantoni K, De Luca N et al .Successful immunosuppressive treatment of dermatomyositis: a nailfold capillaroscopy survey. J Rheumatol. 2010; 37: 443-445.

  28. Sugimoto T, Hajiro T, Fujimoto T, Kojyo N, Horie M, Kashiwagi A. Thrombotic microangiopathy in an adult patient with clinically amyopathic dermatomyositis complicated with interstitial lung disease. Lupus. 2007; 16: 1004.

  29. Mugii N, Hasegawa M, Matsushita T, Hamaguchi Y, Horie S, Yahata T et al. Association between nail-fold capillary findings and disease activity in dermatomyositis. Rheumatology. 2011; 50: 1091-1098.

  30. Moneib HA, Salem SA, Aly DG, Khedr HT, Wafaey HA, Hassan HE. Assessment of serum vascular endothelial growth factor and nail fold capillaroscopy changes in systemic lupus erythematosus with and without cutaneous manifestations. J Dermatol. 2012; 39: 52-57.

  31. Facina AS, Pucinelli MLC, Vasconcellos MRA, Ferraz LB, Almeida FA. Capillaroscopy findings in lupus erythematosus. An Bras Dermatol. 2006; 81: 527-532.

  32. Lambova SN, Müller-Ladner U. Capillaroscopic pattern in systemic lupus erythematosus and undifferentiated connective tissue disease: what we still have to learn? Rheumatol Int. 2012; 33: 689-695.

  33. Altomonte L, Zoli A, Galossi A, Mirone L, Tulli A, Martone FR et al. Microvascular capillaroscopic abnormalities in rheumatoid arthritis patients. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 1995; 13: 83-86.

  34. Cortes S, Cutolo M. Capillarosecopic patterns in rheumatic diseases. Acta Reumatol Port. 2007; 32: 29-36.

  35. Lambova SN, Müller-Ladner U. Capillaroscopic pattern in inflammatory arthritis. Microvasc Res. 2012; 83: 318-322.

  36. Capobianco KG, Xavier RM, Bredemeier M, Restelli VG, Brenol JC. Nailfold capillaroscopic findings in primary Sjögren’s syndrome: clinical and serological correlations. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 2005; 23: 789-794.

  37. Tektonidou M, Kaskani E, Skopouli FN, Moutsopoulos HM. Microvascular abnormalities in Sjögren’s syndrome: nailfold capillaroscopy. Rheumatology. 1999; 8: 826-830.

  38. Aguiar T, Furtado E, Dorigo D, Bottino D, Bouskela E. Nailfold videocapillaroscopy in primary Sjögren’s syndrome. Angiology. 2006; 57: 593-599.

  39. Vayssairat M, Abuaf N, Deschamps A, Baudot N, Gaitz JP, Chakkour K et al. Nailfold capillary microscopy in patients with anticardiolipin antibodies: a case-control study. Dermatology. 1997; 194: 36-40.

  40. Sulli A, Pizzorni C, Cutolo M. Nailfold videocapillaroscopy abnormalities in patients with antiphospholipid antibodies. J Rheumatol. 2000; 27: 1574-1576.

  41. Pizzorni C, Sulli A, Craviotto C, Tuccio M, Seriolo B, Cutolo M. Diagnostic perspectives in the rheumatologic vasculitis: the role of video-capillaroscopy. Reumatismo. 2002; 54: 99-104.

  42. Vaz JL, Dancour MA, Bottino DA, Bouskela E. Nailfold videocapillaroscopy in primary antiphospholipid syndrome (PAPS). Rheumatology. 2004; 43: 1025-1027.

  43. Ohtsuka T, Yamakage A, Miyachi Y. Stadistical definition of nailfold capillary pattern in patients with psoriasis. Int J Dermatol. 1994; 33: 779-782.

  44. Leroux MB, Barraza S, Estrella V, Rinaldi M, Fernández-Bussy R, Leiva M et al. Valor clínico de las imágenes de capilaroscopia periungueal en pacientes con psoriasis. Med Cutan Iber Lat Am. 2004; 32: 61-64.

  45. Ribeiro CF, Siqueira EBD, Holler AP, Fabrício L, Skare TL. Periungual capillaroscopy in psoriasis. An Bras Dermatol. 2012; 87: 550-553.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com