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Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán

2016, Number 3

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Rev Invest Clin 2016; 68 (3)

Effect of passive smoking on the growth of pulmonary function and respiratory symptoms in schoolchildren

Fernández-Plata R, Rojas-Martínez R, Martínez-Briseño D, García-Sancho C, Pérez-Padilla R

Language: English
References: 39
Page: 119-127
PDF size: 89.29 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Background: Environmental tobacco smoke affects the current and future health of children.
Objective: To determine whether schoolchildren aged 8-17 years old residing at an altitude of 2,240 m and exposed to tobacco smoke at home presented a reduction in the growth of pulmonary function and a greater problem of respiratory symptoms and infections compared with non-exposed children.
Materials and Methods: We followed, with questionnaires and spirometry, 1,632 boys and 1,555 girls from Mexico City and its metropolitan area (the Metropolitan Study to Evaluate the Chronic Effects of Pollution in School-age Children [EMPECE]) every six months for six years. The impact of passive smoking was estimated by mixed-effects models and Generalized Linear and Latent Mixed Models (GLLAMM), stratifying by gender and adjusting for age, height, weight, and ozone levels.
Results: Passive smoking (reported by one-half of participants) was associated with reduced spirometric lung function (log transformed or as Z-scores) and a higher frequency of self-reported respiratory symptoms and respiratory infections. Levels of forced expiratory volume in 1 second and forced vital capacity in individuals exposed to passive smoking were 6.8 and 14.1 ml, respectively, below those of non-exposed children, and these values decreased with increasing number of smokers at home and higher ozone levels.
Conclusions: Passive smoking in children is a significant risk factor for respiratory disease and reduced lung function growth, which are additive with levels of air pollution, asthma, and the presence of respiratory symptoms.


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