medigraphic.com
ISSN 1561-3054 (Electronic)

2015, Number 3

<< Back Next >>

Rev Cubana Med Trop 2015; 67 (3)

Usefulness of molecular tools to identify Leptospira spp. in human, animal and environmental samples

Ospina-Pinto MC, Hernández RP

Language: Spanish
References: 50
Page:
PDF size: 137.41 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Leptospirosis is an endemic and potentially epidemic zoonosis affecting public health and livestock production worldwide. Its etiological agent is a spirochaete of the genus Leptospira, with 20 species reported to date, of which Leptospira interrogans (pathogenic) and Leptospira biflexa (saprophyte) are the most important. This bacterium is transmitted by direct or indirect contact with urine from infected animals, so water is one of the major transmission ways. Regarding diagnosis, many molecular tests have been evinced to have high specificity and sensitivity; however, knowledge on the epidemiology of leptospirosis has been based mainly on serological studies using the microscopic agglutination test, which has weaknesses in its results and interpretation. The aim of this article is to present an update review on the usefulness of molecular tools in the identification of Leptospira spp. in human, animal and environmental samples. A literature search was conducted in different databases such as PubMed, ScienceDirect, SciELO, Scopus and Redalyc. The publications found were original and review articles, among others, published between 1965 and 2014. It was found that the molecular tools allow direct, quick, definitive and precise identification of the etiologic agent, support the diagnosis, and contribute to real knowledge on the disease prevalence and incidence. Molecular tools enable the identification of new species isolates obtained from various sources and help guide prevention programs and control of this zoonosis.


REFERENCES

  1. Jobbins SE, Sanderson CE, Alexander KA. Leptospira interrogans at the Human– Wildlife Interface in Northern Botswana: A Newly Identified Public Health Threat. Zoonoses and Public Health. 2013;61(2):113-23.

  2. Schneider M, Jancloes M, Buss D, Aldighieri S, Bertherat E, Najera P,et al. Leptospirosis: A Silent Epidemic Disease. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. 2013;10:7229-34.

  3. Guerra M. Leptospirosis: Public health perspectives. Biologicals. 2013;41:295-7.

  4. World Health Organization-WHO. Report of the Second Meeting of the Leptospirosis Burden Epidemiology Reference Group.WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. Geneva, Switzerland. 2011:1-34.

  5. Hernández Rodríguez P, Quintero G, Díaz C, Dalmau E. Comparación del cultivo microbiológico y visualización por campo oscuro para el diagnóstico de leptospirosis en bovinos de la Sabana de Bogotá. Revista de Investigación, Universidad de La Salle. 2008;8(1):9-15.

  6. Hernández Rodríguez P, Díaz C, Dalmau E, Quintero G. A comparison between Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and traditional techniques for the diagnosis of Leptospirosis in bovines. Journal of Microbiological Methods, Elsevier. 2011;84:1-7.

  7. Moreno N, Agudelo Flórez P. Aplicación de las Pruebas de PCR Convencional Simple y Múltiple para la Identificación de Aislamientos de Leptospira spp. en Colombia. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública. 2010;27(4):548-56.

  8. Perez J, Goarant C. Rapid Leptospira Identification by direct sequencing of the diagnostic PCR products in New Caledonia. BMC Microbiology. 2010;10(325):1-11.

  9. Salaun L, Mérien F, Gurianova S, Baranton G, Picardeau M. Application of Multilocus Variable-Number Tandem-Repeat Analysis for Molecular Typing of the Agent of Leptospirosis. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. 2006;44(11):3954-62.

  10. Gibbs P. One Health. The evolution of One Health: a decade of progress and challenges for the future. Veterinary Record. 2014;25:85-92.

  11. Ahmed N, Manjulata-Devi S, Valverde M de los A, Vijayachari P, Machang'u RS, Ellis WA,et al. Multilocus sequence typing method for identification and genotypic classification of pathogenic Leptospira species. Annals of Clinical Microbiology and Antimicrobials.2006;5(28):1-10.

  12. Bourhy P, Herrmann-Storck C, Theodose R, Olive C, Nicolas M, Hochedez P, et al. Serovar Diversity of Pathogenic Leptospira Circulating in the French West Indies. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases. 2013;7(3):1-10.

  13. Adler B, De la Peña Moctezuma A. Leptospira and Leptospirosis.Veterinary Microbiology. 2010;140:287-96.

  14. Vinh T, Adler B, Faine S. Ultrastructure and Chemical Composition of Lipopolysaccharide Extracted fromLeptospira interrogans serovar copenhageni. Journal of General Microbiology. 1986;132:103-9.

  15. Raddi G, Morado D, Yan K, Haake D, Yang X, Liu J, et al. Three-Dimensional Structures of Pathogenic and Saprophytic Leptospira Species Revealed by Cryo- Electron Tomography.Journal of Bacteriology. 2012;194(6):1299-1306.

  16. SlamtiL, De Pedro M, Guichet E, Picardeau M. Deciphering Morphological Determinants of the Helix-ShapedLeptospira. Journal of Bacteriology; 2011 Nov. p. 6266-75.

  17. Picardeau M. Diagnosis and epidemiology of leptospirosis. Médecine et maladies infectieuses. 2013;43:1-9.

  18. Levett P. Leptospirosis. Clinical Microbiology Reviews. 2001;14(2):296-326.

  19. OMS - Organización Mundial de la Salud. (2008). Leptospirosis humana. Guía para el diagnóstico, vigilancia y control; 2008.

  20. Verdasquera D, Ortega L, Fernández C, Obregón A, Rodríguez I, Miyar R, et al. Enfrentamiento a brotes epidémicos de leptospirosis humana. Revista Panamericana de Infectología. 2011;13(1):28-35.

  21. Roca B. Leptospirosis. Revista de Medicina de la Universidad de Navarra. 2006;50(2):3-6.

  22. Budihal S, Perwez K. Leptospirosis Diagnosis: Competancy of Various Laboratory Tests. Journal of Clinical and Diagnostic Research. 2014;8(1):199-202.

  23. Jackson P, Cockcroft P. Handbook of Pig Medicine. Primera Edición, Iowa, USA: Editorial Saunders Elsevier Health Sciences; 2007.

  24. Zimmerman J, Karriker L, Ramirez A,Schwartz K, Stevenson G. Diseases of Swine. 10th Edition. USA: Wiley-Blackwell; 2012.

  25. Céspedes M. Leptospirosis: Enfermedad Zoonótica Emergente. Revista Peruana de Medicina Experimental y Salud Pública. 2005;22(4):290-307.

  26. Tesic M, Zugic G, Kljajic R, Blagojevic M. Leptospirosis on a pig farm:health and economic significance and creation of eradication program.Proceedings of the 10th International Symposium on Veterinary Epidemiology and Economics. 2003:1-3.

  27. Sandow K, Ramírez W. Leptospirosis. Revista Electrónica de Veterinaria REDVET. 2005;6(6):1-61.

  28. Gutiérrez B. Estandarización de un protocolo de recolección de muestras y PCR en Tiempo Real para la detección e identificación de especies de Leptospira patógenas en muestras de agua de río. Tesis de grado presentada como requisito para la obtención de título de B.Sc. en Biotecnología. Ecuador: Colegio de Ciencias Biológicas y Ambientales, Universidad San Francisco de Quito; 2013.

  29. Musso D, La Scola B. Laboratory diagnosis of leptospirosis: A challenge. Journal of Microbiology, Immunology and Infection. 2013;46:245-52.

  30. Levett P. Leptospirosis: A forgotten zoonosis? Clinical and Applied Immunology Reviews. 2004; 4:435-48.

  31. Organización Mundial de Sanidad Animal-OIE. Leptospirosis.Manual de la OIE sobre animales terrestres. 2008:251-64.

  32. Hernández Rodríguez P, Gómez A, Baquero M, Quintero G. Identification of ompL1 and lipL32 Genes to Diagnosis of Pathogenic Leptospira spp. isolated from Cattle. Open Journal of Veterinary Medicine. 2014;4:102-12.

  33. RomeroVivas C, Thiry D, Rodríguez V, Calderón A, Arrieta G, Máttar S, et al.Molecular serovar characterization of Leptospira isolates from animals and water in Colombia.Biomédica.2013;33(Supl.1):179-84.

  34. González S, Geymonat J, Hernández E, Marqués J, Schelotto F, Varela G. Usefulness of real-time PCR assay targeting lipL32 gene for diagnosis of human leptospirosis in Uruguay. The Journal of Infection in DevelopingCountries.2013;7(12):941-5.

  35. Miraglia F, Matsuo M, Morais Z, Dellagostin O, Seixas F, Freitas J,et al. Molecular characterization, serotyping, and antibiotic susceptibility profile of Leptospira interrogans serovar Copenhageni isolates from Brazil. Diagnostic Microbiology and Infectious Disease.2013;77:195-9.

  36. CardozoBernal A, Ramón L, PoutouPiñales R, CarrascalCamacho A, Zambrano D.Electroforesis en Gel de Campo Pulsado (PFGE) para la diferenciación molecular de Listeria monocytogenes. Universitas Scientiarum. 2013;18(2):203-22.

  37. Loffler S, Pavan M, Vanasco B, Samartino L, Suarez O, Auteri C,et al.Genotypes of pathogenic Leptospiraspp. isolated from rodents in Argentina. Rio de Janeiro: Memórias do Instituto Oswaldo Cruz. 2014;1-5.

  38. Varni V, Ruybal P, Lauthier J, Tomasini N, Brihuega B, Koval A,et al. Reassessment of MLST schemes forLeptospira spp. typing worldwide. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2014;22:216-22.

  39. Paiva Cardoso M, Arent Z, Gilmore C, Hartskeerl R, Ellis WA. Altodouro, a new Leptospira serovar of the Pomona serogroup isolated from rodents in northern Portugal. Infection, Genetics and Evolution. 2013;13:211-7.

  40. Chen F, Fan Q, Qiu W, Yin G,Xing Y. Cloning and Analysis of the Sequence of Outer Membrance Protein Gene of a Serovar Leptospira canicola Interrogans. China Animal Husbandry & Veterinary Medicine. 2010;6:55-9.

  41. Ko A, Goarant C, Picardeau M. Leptospira: the dawn of the molecular genetics era for an emerging zoonotic pathogen. Nature reviews: Microbiology. 2009;7(10):736-47.

  42. World Health Organization-WHO. Human Leptospirosis: Guidance forDiagnosis, Surveillance and Control. WHO Library Cataloguing-in-Publication Data. 2003;1-122.

  43. Luo D, Xue F, Ojcius DM, Zhao J, Mao Y, Li L, et al. Protein typing of major outer membrane lipoproteins from Chinese pathogenic Leptospira spp. and characterization of their immunogenicity. Vaccine. 2010;28:243-55.

  44. Naiman BM, Alt D, Bolin CA, Zuerner R, Baldwin CL. Protective killed Leptospira borgpetersenii vaccine induces potent Th1 immunity comprising responses by CD4 and gammadelta T lymphocytes. Infection and Immunity. 2001;69:7550-8.

  45. Saukkonen K, Abdillahi H, Poolman JT, Leinonen M. Protective efficacy of monoclonal antibodies to class 1 and class 3 outer membrane proteins of Neisseria meningitidis B:15:P1.16 in infant rat infection model: new prospects for vaccine development. Microbial Pathogenesis. 1987;3(4):261-7.

  46. Seixas FK, Fernandes CH, Hartwig DD, Conceição FR, Guimarães JA, Dellagostin OA, et al. Evaluation of different ways of presenting LipL32 to the immune system with the aim of developing a recombinant vaccine against leptospirosis. Canadian Journal of Microbiology. 2007;53(4):472-9.

  47. LeavellH, Clark E. Preventive medicine for the doctor in his community-an epidemiologic approach.Tercera Edición. New York: McGraw-Hill; 1965.

  48. Gil A, Samartino L. Zoonosis en los Sistemas de Producción Animal de las áreas Urbanas y Periurbanas de América Latina. Livestock Policy, Discussion Paper No. 2. Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO). Livestock Information and Policy Branch, AGAL; 2001 Mar.

  49. Sanderson MW, Gnad DP. Biosecurity for reproductive diseases. Veterinary Clinics of North America: Food Animal Practice. 2002;18:79-98.

  50. Narrod C, Zinsstag J, Tiongco M. A one health framework for estimating the economic costs of zoonotic diseases on society. Ecohealth. 2012;9(2):150-s62.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com