2016, Number 3
<< Back Next >>
Med Int Mex 2016; 32 (3)
Myasthenic crisis
Fernández JA, Fernández-Valiñas A, Aldrete-Velasco J, Hernández-Salcedo D, Orozco-Paredes J, Lugo-Dimas A
Language: Spanish
References: 60
Page: 341-354
PDF size: 514.99 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Myasthenia gravis is an autoimmune disease which compromises movement.
Myasthenic crisis is a life threatening condition. It is characterized
by severe weakness of respiratory and bulbar muscles, requiring
mechanical respiratory support. Crisis can be triggered by environmental
factors, infections or drugs. Diagnosis depends from an adequate evaluation
of respiratory function. The most important points in treatment
are ventilatory support, where noninvasive mechanical ventilation has
taken great relevance, the immunotherapy with plasmapheresis or immunoglobulin,
and the general measures in the intensive care unit. Other
options such as thymectomy must be evaluated in refractory patients.
Some complications that can occur in these patients are pulmonary
infections, hemodynamic disturbances, anemia, and difficult weaning.
With modern treatment mortality is around 5%, usually attributed to
cardiac arrhythmias or pulmonary embolism.
REFERENCES
Pascuzzi RM. The history of myasthenia gravis. Neurol Clin 1994;12:231-242.
Jani-Acsadi A, Lisak RP. Myasthenic crisis: guidelines for prevention and treatment. J Neurol Sci 2007;26:127-133.
Lacomis D. Myasthenic crisis. Neurocrit Care 2005;3:1-6.
Meyer A, Levy Y. Geoepidemiology of myasthenia gravis. Autoinmun Rev 2010;9:383-386.
Chaudhuri A, Behan PO. Myasthenic crisis. QJM 2009;102:97-107.
Wendell LC, Levine JM. Myasthenic crisis. Neurohospitalist 2011;1:16-22.
Thomas CE, Mayer SA, Gungor Y, Swarup R, et al. Myasthenic crisis: clinical features, mortality, complications, and risk factors for prolonged intubation. Neurology 1997;48:1253- 1260.
Cohen MS, Younger D. Aspects of the natural history of myasthenia gravis: crisis and death. Ann N Y Acad Sci 1981;377:670-677.
Thanvi BR, Lo TC. Update on myasthenia gravis. Postgrad Med J 2004;80:690-700.
Godoy DA, Mello LJ, Masotti L, Di Napoli M. The myasthenic patient in crisis: an update of the management in Neurointensive Care Unit. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2013;71:627-639.
Cherian A, Baheti NN, Lype T. Electrophysiological study in neuromuscular junction disorders. Ann Indian Acad Neurol 2013;16;34-41.
Browning J, Wallace M, Chana J, Booth J. Bedside testing for myasthenia gravis: the ice-test. BMJ Case Rep 2010;2010.
Juel VC, Massey J. Myasthenia gravis. Orphanet J Rare Dis 2007;2:44.
Rezania K, Goldenberg F, White S. Neuromuscular disorders and acute respiratory failure: diagnosis and management. Neurol Clin 2012;30:161-185.
Yuki N, Hartung HP. Guillain-Barré syndrome. N Engl J Med 2012;366:2294-2304.
Barnett C, Katzberg H, Nabavi M, Bril V. The quantitative myasthenia gravis score: comparison with clinical, electrophysiological, and laboratory markers. J Clin Neuromusc Dis 2012;13:201-205.
Burns TM, Conaway M, Sanders DB. The MG Composite. A valid and reliable outcome measure for myasthenia gravis. Neurology 2010;74:1434-1440.
Kim JY, Park KD, Richman DP. Treatment of myasthenia gravis based on its immunopathogenesis. J Clin Neurol 2011;7:173-183.
Cereda E, Dario Beltramolli D, Pedrolli C, Costa A. Refractory myasthenia gravis, dysphagia and malnutrition: a case report to suggest disease-specific nutritional issues. Nutrition 2009;25:1067-1072.
Seron C, Zamora M, Labarta L, Mallor T. Enteral nutrition in critical care. J Clin Med Res 2013;5:1-11.
Nguyen NQ. Pharmacological therapy of feed intolerance in the critically ills. World J Gastrointest Pharmacol Ther 2014;5:148-155.
Blichfeldt L, Hansen BD. Anesthesia and myasthenia gravis. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand 2012;56:17-22.
Mirski MA, Lewin JJ. Sedation and pain management in acute neurological disease. Semin Neurol 2008;28:611- 630.
Rello J, Lode H, Cornaglia G, Masterton R. A European care bundle for prevention of ventilator-associated pneumonia. Intensive Care Med 2010;36:773-780.
Howard RS, Radcliffe J, Hirsch NP. General care on the neuromedical intensive care unit. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2003;74:10-15.
Ahmed S, Kirmani JF, Janjua N, Alkawi A, et al. An update on myasthenic crisis. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2005;7:129-141.
Jacobi J, Bircher N, Krinsley J, Agus M, et al. Guidelines for the use of an insulin infusion for the management of hyperglycemia in critically ill patient. Crit Care Med 2012;40:3251-3276.
Seneviratne J, Mandrekar J, Wijdicks EF, Rabinstein AA. Noninvasive ventilation in myasthenic crisis. Arch Neurol 2008;65:54-58.
Wu JY, Kuo PH, Fan PC, Wu HD et al. The role of non-invasive ventilation and factors predicting extubation outcome in myasthenic crisis. Neurocrit Care 2009;10:35-42.
Keenan SP, Sinuff T, Burns KE, Muscedere J, et al. Clinical practice guidelines for the use of noninvasive positive-pressure ventilation and noninvasive continuous positive airway pressure in the acute care setting. CMAJ 2011;183:195-214.
Varelas PN, Chua HC, Natterman J, Barmadia L, et al. Ventilatory care in myasthenia gravis crisis: assessing the baseline adverse event rate. Crit Care Med 2002;30:2663- 2668.
Rea-Neto A, Youssef NC, Tuche F, Brunkhorst F, et al. Diagnosis of ventilator-associated pneumonia: a systematic review of the literature. Crit Care 2008;12:56
Rabinstein AA, Mueller-Kronast N. Risk of extubation failure in patients with myasthenic crisis. Neurocrit Care 2005;3:213-215.
Ferrer M, Sellares J, Torres A. Noninvasive ventilation in withdrawal from mechanical ventilation. Semin Respir Crit Care Med 2014;35:507-518.
Gelfand E. Intravenous immune globulin in autoimmune and inflammatory diseases. N Engl J Med 2012;367:2015- 2025.
Graves D, Vernino S. Immunotherapies in neurologic disorders. Med Clin N Am 2012;96:497-452.
Gold R, Hohlfeld R, Toyka KV. Progress in the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Therapeutic Advances in Neurological Disorders 2008;1:99-114.
Juel VC, Massey JM. Autoimmune myasthenia gravis: recommendations for treatment and immunologic modulation. Curr Treat Options Neurol 2005;7:3-14.
Mantegazza R, Bonanno S, Camera G, Antozzi C. Current and emerging therapies for the treatment of myasthenia gravis. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2011;7:151-160.
Shenga JR, Grimme S, Bhattacharya P, Stowell MH, et al. In vivo adsorption of autoantibodies in myasthenia gravis using nanodisc-incorporated acetylcholine receptor. Exp Neurol 2010;225:320-327.
Qureshi AI, Choudhry MA, Akbar MS, Mohammad Y, et al. Plasma exchange versus intravenous immunoglobulin treatment in myasthenic crisis. Neurology 1999;52:629-632.
Barth D, Nabavi Nouri M, Ng E, Nwe P, Bril V. Comparison of IVIg and PLEX in patients with myasthenia gravis. Neurology 2011;76:2017-2023.
Statland JM, Ciafaloni E. Myasthenia gravis. Five new things. Neurol Clin Pract 2013;3:126-133.
Heatwole C, Holloway R, Noyes K. Plasma exchange vs intravenous immunoglobulin for myasthenia gravis crisis: an acute hospital cost comparison study. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2011;13:85-94.
Köhler W, Bucka C, Klingel R. A randomized and controlled study comparing immunoadsorption and plasma exchange in myasthenic crisis. J Clin Apher 2011;26:347-355.
Panda S, Goyal V, Behari M, Singh S, Srivastava T. Myasthenic crisis: a retrospective study. Neurol India 2004;52:453-456.
Werneck LC, Scola RS, Braco FM, Comerlato EA, Bezerra F. Myasthenic crisis. Report of 24 cases. Arq Neuropsiquiatr 2002;60:519-524.
Panegyres PK, Squier M, Mills KR, Newsom-Davis J. Acute myopathy associated with large parenteral dose of corticosteroid in myasthenia gravis. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 1993;56:702-704.
Sieb JP. Myasthenia gravis: an update for the clinician. Clin Exp Inmunol 2014;175:408-418.
Nowak RJ, DiCapua D, Zebardast N, Goldstein JM. Response of patients with refractory myasthenia gravis to rituximab: a retrospective study. Ther Adv Neurol Disord 2011;4:259- 266.
Lucchi M, Ricciardi R, Melfi F, Duranti L, et al. Association of thymoma and myasthenia gravis: oncological and neurological results of the surgical treatment. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2009;35:812-816.
Nam TS, Lee SH, Kim BC, et al. Clinical characteristics and predictive factors of myasthenic crisis after thymectomy. J Clin Neurosci 2011;18:1185-1188.
Leuzzi G, Meacci E, Cusumano G, Cesario A, et al. Thymectomy in myasthenia gravis: proposal for a predictive score of postoperative myasthenic crisis. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg 2014;45:76-88.
Jensen P, Bril V. A comparison of the effectiveness of intravenous immunoglobulin and plasma exchange as preoperative therapy of myasthenia gravis. J Clin Neuromuscul Dis 2008;9:352-355.
Conti-Fine BM, Milani M, Kaminski HJ. Myasthenia gravis: past, present, and future. J Clin Invest 2006;116:2843- 2854.
Ng JK, Ng CS, Underwoodb MJ, Laub KK. Does repeat thymectomy improve symptoms in patients with refractory myasthenia gravis? Interact Cardiovasc Thorac Surg 2014;18:376-380.
Durelli L, Ferrio MF, Urgesi A, Poccardi G, et al. Total body irradiation for myasthenia gravis: a long-term follow-up. Neurology 1993;43:2215-2221.
Rowin J, Thiruppathi M, Arhebamen E, Sheng J, et al. Granulocyte macrophage colony-stimulating factor treatment of a patient in myasthenic crisis: effects on regulatory T cells. Muscle Nerve 2012;46:449-453.
Kalita J, Kohat AK, Misra UK. Predictors of outcome of myasthenic crisis. Neurol Sci 2014;35:1109-1114.
Berrouschot J, Baumann I, Kalischewski P, Sterker M, Schneider D. Therapy of myasthenic crisis. Crit Care Med 1997;25:1228-1235