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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2015, Number 3

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2015; 16 (3)

Optogenetics: the light as a tool for the study of brain function in the mechanisms of the sleep-wake and eating behavior

Salin-Pascual RJ

Language: Spanish
References: 58
Page: 39-51
PDF size: 151.73 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Optogenetics is a technology that uses the effect of light on photosensitive ion channels. These can be opened, as in the case of rhodopsin channel-2 (ChR2), with a net effect of depolarization, or as the channel of halo rhodopsin, NpHR, in which light produces an inhibition of ionic currents. Currently there are more molecular tools of this type, which are used for in vitro, ex vivo and animal studies, which express this type of cell membrane proteins, by genetic manipulation (knock-in). Articles that used this type of optogenetic technology was reviewed, especially those of the role of two neuropeptides that regulate from the lateral hypothalamus different sleep stages and eating behavior. Orexins, also called hypocretins, are two neuropeptides, which selectively suppress sleep and sleep with rapid eye movement (REM sleep). Mutation in one of their receptors, orexin subtype two, has detected as the agent in Doberman dogs narcolepsy. While narcolepsy in humans, it has been proposed as autoimmune disease. The other neuropeptide studied was melanin-concentrating hormone (MCH), which is also located in the lateral hypothalamus. Their function in sleep is to increased REM sleep, and promoting feeding behavior by calorie deficiencies. While orexin have a role on the consumption of palatable foods, even when calorie needs are already met. The knowledge of optogenetics confirmed by the interaction of these two neuropeptides in the regulation of sleep and eating behavior, can help to understand health problems such as childhood morbid obesity, where sleep deficiency correlates inversely with the increase the body mass index.


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