medigraphic.com
ISSN 1527-3172 (Electronic)

2015, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

MEDICC Review 2015; 17 (1)

Cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex infections in mothers and newborns in a Havana maternity hospital

Festary CA, Kourí CV, Correa SCB, Verdasquera CD, Roig ÁT, Couret CMP

Language: English
References: 27
Page: 29-34
PDF size: 176.38 Kb.


ABSTRACT

INTRODUCTION Cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus are associated with congenital or perinatal infection, causing potential damage to the newborn.
OBJECTIVES Determine the prevalence of active or latent infection by cytomegalovirus and herpes simplex virus in a population of mothers, congenital infection by these agents in their infants, and association between prevalence of virus infection in mothers and in their newborns.
METHODS A cross-sectional study was conducted from June to September 2012 in a population of 95 pregnant women admitted to the Dr Ramón González Coro University Maternity Hospital during the third trimester of pregnancy, and their infants (98). Patients were tested for antibodies specific to these viruses; vaginal swabs and urine from the women and serum and urine from the newborns were tested for viral genome. The Fisher exact test with 95% confidence interval was used for comparisons.
RESULTS Of the women studied, 89.5% tested positive for cytomegalovirus and 83.2% for herpes simplex. Active infection from cytomegalovirus was detected in 16.7%, and from herpes simplex in 3.2%. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection was detected in 4.1% of newborns; no herpes simplex virus infection was found in this group. Two newborns of women with active cytomegalovirus infection were congenitally infected.
CONCLUSIONS Serology demonstrated that most of the women were immune to both viruses. Active cytomegalovirus infections are common in this population, and newborns of women with active cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy are at increased risk of congenital infection.


REFERENCES

  1. Schleiss MR. Congenital cytomegalovirus infection: update on management strategies. Curr Treat Options Neurol. 2008 May;10(3):186–92.

  2. Boppana SB, Fowler KB. Persistence in the population: epidemiology and transmission. In: Arvin A, Campadelli-Fiume G, Mocarski E, Moore PS, Roizman B, Whitley R, et al, editors. Human Herpesviruses: Biology, Therapy, and Immunoprophylaxis. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press; 2007.

  3. Guías clínicas infecciones TORCH. Protocolo: Infecciones TORCH y por Parvovirus B19 en la gestación [Internet]. Barcelona: Clinic Barcelona Hospital Universitari; 2011 [cited 2012 Nov 23]. 40 p. Available from: http://www.medici nafetalbarcelona.org/clinica/images/protocolos/ patologia_materna_obstetrica/infecciones%20 torch%20y%20pvb19.pdf. Spanish.

  4. Kourí V, Correa CB, Verdasquera D, Martínez PA, Álvarez A, Alemán Y, et al. Diagnosis and screening for cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women in Cuba as prognostic markers of congenital infection in newborns: 2007–2008. Pediatr Infect Dis J. 2010 Dec;29(12):1105–10.

  5. Correa CB, Kourí V, Verdasquera D, Martínez PA, Álvarez A, Alemán Y, et al. HCMV seroprevalence and associated risk factors in pregnant women, Havana City, 2007 to 2008. Prenat Diagn. 2010 Sep;30(9):888–92.

  6. Tenorio A, Echevarría JE, Casas I, Echevarría JM, Tabarés E. Detection and typing of human herpesviruses by multiplex polymerase chain reaction. J Virol Methods. 1993 Oct;44(2– 3):261–9.

  7. Pordeus V, Barzilai O, Sherer Y, Luiz RR, Blank M, Bizzaro N, et al. A latitudinal gradient study of common anti-infectious agent antibody prevalence in Italy and Colombia. Isr Med Assoc J. 2008 Jan;10(1):65–8.

  8. Estripeaut D, Moreno Y, Ahumada-Ruiz S, Martínez A, Racine JD, Sáez-Llorens X. [Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in puerperal women and its impact on their newborns]. An Pediatr (Barc). 2007 Feb;66(2):135–9. Spanish.

  9. Lopo S, Vinagre E, Palminha P, Paixao MT, Nogueira P, Freitas MG. Seroprevalence to cytomegalovirus in the Portuguese population, 2002– 2003. Euro Surveill. 2011 Jun 23;16(25).

  10. Enders G, Daiminger A, Lindemann L, Knotek F, Bäder U, Exler S, et al. Cytomegalovirus (CMV) seroprevalence in pregnant women, bone marrow donors and adolescents in Germany, 1996–2010. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2012 Aug;201(3):303–9.

  11. Roizman B, Knipe DM, Whitley RJ. Herpes Simplex Viruses. In: Knipe DM, Howley PM, editors. Fields Virology. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2007. p. 2503–601.

  12. Tilli M. Review: Infección genital por el virus herpes simple (VHS) durante el embarazo. J Bras Doenças Sex Transm. 2004;16(2):48–52. Spanish.

  13. Whitley RJ, Gnann JW. The epidemiology and clinical manifestations of herpes simplex virus infections. In: Roizman B, Whitley RJ, Lopez C, editors. The Human Herpesviruses. New York: Raven Press; 1993. p. 69–105.

  14. Mertz GJ, Benedetti J, Ashley R, Selke SA, Corey L. Risk factors for the sexual transmission of genital herpes. Ann Intern Med. 1992 Feb 1;116(3):197–202.

  15. Saraswathy TS, Az-Ulhusna A, Asshikin RN, Suriani S, Zainah S. Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in pregnant women and associated role in obstetric complications: a preliminary study. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health. 2011;42(2):320–2.

  16. Gaj Z, Rycel M, Wilczyński J, Nowakowska D. [Seroprevalence of cytomegalovirus infection in the population of Polish pregnant women]. Ginekol Pol. 2012 May;83(5):337–41. Polish.

  17. Mocarski ES, Shenk T, Pass R. Cytomegaloviruses. In: Howley PM, Knipe DM, editors. Fields Virology. 5th ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott Williams and Wilkins; 2007. p. 2702–57.

  18. Choi SJ, Park SD, Jang IH, Uh Y, Lee A. The prevalence of vaginal microorganisms in pregnant women with preterm labor and preterm birth. Ann Lab Med. 2012 May;32(3):194–200.

  19. Enders G, Daiminger A, Bäder U, Exler S, Enders M. Intrauterine transmission and clinical outcome of 248 pregnancies with primary cytomegalovirus infection in relation to gestational age. J Clin Virol. 2011;52(3):244–6.

  20. Scott GM, Chow SS, Craig ME, Pang CN, Hall B, Wilkins MR, et al. Cytomegalovirus infection during pregnancy with maternofetal transmission induces a proinfl ammatory cytokine bias in placenta and amniotic fl uid. J Infect Dis. 2012 Apr 15;205(8):1305–10.

  21. Kirimi E, Peker E, Tuncer O, Ozkan M, Ozmen B, Ceylan A. DNA-positive, IgM-negative symptomatic congenital cytomegalovirus infection: two case reports. J Matern Fetal Neonatal Med. 2010 Jul;23(7):725–7.

  22. Kishore J, Misra R, Paisal A, Pradeep Y. Adverse reproductive outcome induced by Parvovirus B19 and TORCH infections in women with highrisk pregnancy. J Infect Dev Ctries. 2011 Dec 13;5(12):868–73.

  23. Sauerbrei A, Wutzler P. Herpes simplex and varicella- zoster virus infections during pregnancy: current concepts of prevention, diagnosis and therapy. Part 1: herpes simplex virus infections. Med Microbiol Immunol. 2007 Jun;196(2):89–94.

  24. Jones CA. Vertical transmission of genital herpes: prevention and treatment options. Drugs. 2009;69(4):421–34.

  25. Hayward AR. The human fetus and newborn: development of the immune response. Birth Defects Orig Artic Ser. 1983;19(3):289–94.

  26. Ornoy A. Fetal effects of primary and non-primary cytomegalovirus infection in pregnancy: are we close to prevention? Isr Med Assoc J. 2007 May;9(5):398–401.

  27. Lazzarotto T, Guerra B, Lanari M, Gabrielli L, Landini MP. New advances in the diagnosis of congenital cytomegalovirus infection. J Clin Virol. 2008 Mar;41(3):192–7.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com