Granda M

Language: English
References: 10
Page: 6-8
PDF size: 96.47 Kb.

ABSTRACT

In 1982, Chicago physician Bob Goldman began conducting surveys every two years of sprinters, swimmers, powerlifters and other athletes—most of them US Olympians or aspiring Olympians. As reported in a Sports Illustrated cover story, the 1995 poll of 198 such athletes produced this chilling result:
“Scenario I. You are offered a banned performance-enhancing substance, with two guarantees: 1) You will not be caught; 2) You will win. Would you take the substance? One hundred and ninetyfive athletes said yes: three said no.
“Scenario II. You are offered a banned performance-enhancing substance that comes with two guarantees: 1) You will not be caught. 2) You will win every competition you enter for the next five years, and then you will die from the side effects of the substance. Would you take it? More than half the athletes said yes.”

REFERENCES

1. Bamberger M, Yaeger D. Over the edge. Sports Illustrated [serial on the Internet]. 1997 Apr [cited 2009 Feb 20];86(15):[about 8 p.]. Available from: http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/ MAG1009868/index.htm.

2. Tansey B. Sports doping detection a never-ending science. San Francisco Chronicle [serial on the Internet]. 2008 Aug 11 [cited 2009 Mar 20]:[p. A-1]. Available from: http://www.sfgate.info/cgi-bin/article/ article?f=/c/a/2008/08/11/MNPC127135.DTL

3. Botre F. New and old challenges of sports drug testing. J Mass Spectrom. 2008;43:903-7.

4. Dohrmann G. Balco blows up. Sports Illustrated [serial on the Internet]. 2004 Dec 13 [cited 2009 Mar 3];101(23):[about 2 p.]. Available from: http://vault.sportsillustrated.cnn.com/vault/article/magazine/ MAG1114659/index.htm.

5. See http://portal.unesco.org/la/convention.asp?KO=31037&languag =E&order=alpha for a full list of governments which have ratified the UNESCO convention.

6. Since 2004, WADA has been the exclusive accrediting agency for anti-doping laboratories worldwide. See http://www.wada-ama.org/ en/dynamic.ch2?pageCategory.id=333 for a full list of laboratories. Others in the Americas are located in Brazil (1), Canada (1), Colombia (1) and the United States (2).

7. IOC president praises Cuba’s anti-doping laboratory. Associated Press. Havana. 2002 Nov 18 [cited 2009 Mar 20]. Available from: www.encyclopedia.com/doc/1P1-69646939.html.

8. WADA [homepage on the Internet]. 2007 Adverse Analytical Findings Reported by Accredited Laboratories; [cited 2009 Feb 20]. Available from: http://www.wada-ama.org/rtecontent/document/labstats_2007. pdf. It should be noted that AAFs are not the same as Anti-Doping Rule Violations (ADRV), since some may refer to substances later allowed under the Therapeutic Use Exemption (TUE) and the AAF figures also correspond to multiple measurements performed on the same athlete.

9. Hemmersbach P. History of mass spectrometry at the Olympic games. J Mass Spectrom. 2008;43:839-853.

10. Fahey J. Address by the President of the World Anti-Doping Agency. WADA Media Symposium, 2009 Feb 24; Lausanne, Switzerland [cited 2009 Mar 20]. Available from: http://www.wada-ama.org/document/ Media_Symposium_JFahey_Speech_24_02_09.pdf.