Reyes-Vaca JG, Sauceda-Nava R, Escalante PFJ, Alejo GGJ, Rivera-Ramírez NM

Language: Spanish
References: 19
Page: 411-419
PDF size: 518.21 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: Obsessive-compulsive disorder is a neuropsychiatric entity where patients are overcome by involuntary thoughts that produce feelings of fear or guilt and trigger ritual actions with which they try to lower their anxiety. Functional magnetic resonance may be a fundamental tool in studying such patients.
Objective: Evaluate neuronal activity with functional magnetic resonance in healthy subjects and in patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder.
Material and methods: A transverse and comparative study was conducted in 10 patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder and in 10 healthy subjects as control. All were previously evaluated by psychiatry and then underwent functional magnetic resonance to evaluate neuronal activity in response to visual stimuli.
Results: In neutral state, patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder, compared with healthy controls, had higher orbitofrontal cortex activity, equal activity in the limbic system and temporal lobe, and lower activity in the basal nodes and cingulum. Visual stimulation with to trigger obsession in affected patients showed lower activity of the orbitofrontal cortex, temporal lobe, cingulum, and limbic system, but heightened activity in the basal nodes compared with healthy controls.
Conclusions: The basal nodes are closely related to the neurobiology of the etiopathogenesis of the disease because an increase in their activity triggers anxiety, panic, and fear. Functional magnetic resonance is a useful and effective tool in evaluating patients with obsessive-compulsive disorder because it shows the exact location of neuronal activity given its high spatial resolution.

REFERENCES

1. Pierre Pichot, et al. DSM-IV-TR Manual diagnóstico y estadístico de los trastornos mentales. MASSON, S.A. 1995: 554.

2. Murray, C.L., Lopez, A.D. The Global Burden of Disease: A Comprehensive Assessment of Mortality and Disability from Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors in 1990 and Projected to 2020. Harvard University Press, Cambridge, MA. 1996:1-43.

3. Allen Frances, M.D. American Psychiatric Association. Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders. 4th ed, Text Revision. Washington, DC: American Psychiatric Association; 2000.

4. Etkin A, Wager TD. Functional neuroimaging of anxiety: a meta-analysis of emotional processing in PTSD, social anxiety disorder, and specific phobia. Am J Psychiatry. 2007;164:1476-1488.

5. Paulus MP. The role of neuroimaging for the diagnosis and treatmentof anxiety disorders. Depress Anxiety 2008;25:348-356.

6. Damsa C, Kosel M, Moussally J. Current status of brain imaging in anxiety disorders. Curr Opin Psychiatry 2009;22:96-110.

7. Jezzard P, Matthews PM, Smith SM. Functional MRI: An Introduction to Methods. Oxford University Press Inc., New York, 2001:390.

8. Huettel SA, Song AW, McCarthy G. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (2 ed.), Massachusetts: Sinauer, 2009.

9. Kim SG, Lee SP, Goodyear B, Silva AC. Radiología Médica: El diagnóstico por imágenes, resonancia magnética funcional: La resolución espacial de las técnicas de resonancia magnética funcional BOLD y otros. Berlin: Springer, 2000.

10. Daniel G Amen. Change your Brain, Change your life. 2ª. Edición. Editorial Sirio S.A. 2011

11. Daniela Simon. A pilot study on the validity of using pictures and videos for individualized symptom provocation in obsessive–compulsive disorder. Psychiatry Research. 2012;198:81-88.

12. T. Nakao et al. Brain Activation of Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder During Neuropsychological and Symptom Provocation Tasks Before and After Symptom Improvement: A Functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study. BIOL PSYCHIATRY 2005;57:901-910.

13. Milad, M. R., & Rauch, S. L. Obsessive-compulsive disorder: beyond segregated cortico-striatal pathways. Trends in Cognitive Sciences, 2012;16(1):43-51.

14. Perani, D. et al. [18F] FDG PET study in obsessive-compulsive disorder. A clinical/metabolic correlation study after treatment. Br. J. Psychiatry 1995;166:244-250.

15. Saxena, S. and Rauch, S.L. (2000) Functional neuroimaging and the neuroanatomy of obsessive-compulsive disorder. Psychiatr. Clin. North Am 2000;23:563-586.

16. Rauch, S.L. et al. Functional magnetic resonance imaging study of regional brain activation during implicit sequence learning in obsessive-compulsive disorder. Biol. Psychiatry 2007;61:330-336.

17. Gilliam, C.M. and Tolin, D.F. Compulsive hoarding. Bull. Menninger Clin 2010;74:93-121.

18. Goldman, B.L. et al. Implicit learning, thought-focused attention and obsessive-compulsive disorder: a replication and extension. Behav. Res. Ther. 2008;46:48-61.

19. Pino Alonso, et al, Neural correlates of obsessive–compulsive related dysfunctional beliefs, Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology and Biological Psychiatry, 2013;47:25-32.