Díaz SM, Cazaña MY, Pérez HY, Valdivia ÁA, Prieto AM, Lugo MY

Language: Spanish
References: 27
Page: 358-366
PDF size: 100.28 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: the Morus genus constitutes an important source of bioactive substances of diverse chemical nature. In addition, the use of Morus alba L., plant known as mulberry, has been rapidly diversified because it has excellent nutritional qualities. In Cuba, it stands out as forage source due to its biomass production capacity, chemical composition, high degradability, adaptability to different climate and soil conditions, perennial character when pruned and availability.
Objectives: to perform the phytochemical sieving of 10 M. alba varieties and hybrids and evaluate the toxicity of the aqueous extracts in laboratory rats.
Methods: the fresh leaves were collected. They were washed, disinfected, dried, and pulverized and extracted with n-hexane, ethanol and water. The extracts were filtered and the phytochemical identification tests were ran on them. A toxicity evaluation of the aqueous extracts was conducted in rats for the preliminary determination of their innocuousness.
Results: the phytochemical study showed considerable quantities of triterpenes and steroids, as well as phenols and tannins in the evaluated extracts, while neither quinones nor alkaloids were detected. In the toxicity trial no important clinical symptoms, such as mortality, convulsions, or alterations of the heart or respiratory rate, appeared.
Conclusions: the phytochemical analysis of the M. alba varieties and hybrids showed abundant quantities of secondary metabolites described as antioxidant agents. The toxicity study conducted showed innocuousness of the aqueous extract in rats, for which these extracts suggest the presence of pharmacological properties for the treatment of many diseases associated to the oxidative stress.

REFERENCES

1. Zhang Y, Ren C, Lu G, Mu Z, Cui W, Gao H, et al. Anti-diabetic effect of mulberry leaf polysaccharide by inhibiting pancreatic islet cell apoptosis and ameliorating insulin secretory capacity in diabetic rats. Int Immunopharmacol. 2014;22(1):248-57.

2. Hunyadi A, Liktor-Busa E, Márki A, Martins A, Jedlinszki N, Hsieh TJ, et al. Metabolic effects of mulberry leaves: exploring potential benefits in type 2 diabetes and hyperuricemia. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2013;2013: ID 948627; doi:10.1155/2013/948627.

3. García DE. Evaluación de los principales factores que influyen en la composición fitoquímica de Morus alba (Linn.). Tesis presentada en opción al Título Académico de Master en Pastos y Forrajes. EEPF “Indio Hatuey”, Matanzas, Cuba; 2003. p. 1-97.

4. Sarikaphuti A, Nararatwanchai T, Hashiguchi T, Ito T, Thaworanunta S, Kikuchi K, et al. Preventive effects of Morus alba L. anthocyanins on diabetes in Zucker diabetic fatty rats. Exp Ther Med. 2013;6(3):689-95.

5. Demiray S, Pintado ME, Castro PML. Evaluation of phenolic profiles and antioxidant activities of Turkish medicinal plants: Tilia argentea, Crataegi folium leaves and Polygonum bistorta roots. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. 2009;3(6):251-6.

6. Lisiewska Z, Kmiecik W, Korus A. Content of vitamin C, carotenoids, chlorophylls and polyphenols in green parts of dill (Anethum graveolens L.) depending on plant height. J. Food Comp. Analys. 2006;19(2-3):134–40.

7. Cazaña-Martínez Y, González JA, Prieto-González S, Molina J, González-Guevara J, Urquiola A, et al. Evaluación fitoquímica preliminar de tres especies cubanas de Erythroxylum. Acta Farmacéutica Bonaerense. 2004;23(2):193-7.

8. Lee WJ, Choi SW. Quantitative Changes of Polyphenolic Compounds in Mulberry (Morus alba L.) Leaves in Relation to Varieties, Harvest Period, and Heat Processing. Prev Nutr Food Sci. 2012;17(4):280-5.

9. Iqbal S, Younas U, Sirajuddin, Chan KW, Sarfraz RA, Uddin K. Proximate composition and antioxidant potential of leaves from three varieties of Mulberry (Morus sp.): a comparative study. Int J Mol Sci. 2012;13(6):6651–64.

10. Chen YC, Tien YJ, Chen CH, Beltran FN, Amor EC, Wang RJ, et al. Morus alba and active compound oxyresveratrol exert anti-inflammatory activity via inhibition of leukocyte migration involving MEK/ERK signaling. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2013;13(1):45-55.

11. Ali A, Ali M. New triterpenoids from Morus alba L. stem bark. Nat Prod Res. 2013;27(6):524-31.

12. Kim GN, Jang HD. Flavonol content in the water extract of the mulberry (Morus alba L.) leaf and their antioxidant capacities. J Food Sci. 2011;76(6): 869–73.

13. Shivananda Nayak B, Sandiford S, Maxwell A. Evaluation of the wound-healing activity of ethanolic extract of Morinda citrifolia L. leaf. eCAM. 2009;6(3):351–56.

14. De Almeida AB, Luiz-Ferreira A, Cola M, Di Pietro Magri L, Batista LM, de Paiva JA, et al. Anti-ulcerogenic mechanisms of the sesquiterpene lactone onopordopicrinenriched fraction from Arctium lappa L. (Asteraceae): role of somatostatin, gastrin, and endogenous sulfhydryls and nitric oxide. J Med Food. 2012;15(4):378-83.

15. Takayama C, de-Faria FM, de Almeida AC, Valim-Araújo de A, Rehen CS, Dunder RJ, et al. Gastroprotective and ulcer healing effects of essential oil from Hyptis spicigera Lam. (Lamiaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 2011;135(1):147-55.

16. Guilhon-Simplicio F, Pinheiro CC, Conrado GG, Barbosa Gdos S, Santos PA, Pereira M, et al. Anti-inflammatory, anti-hyperalgesic, antiplatelet and antiulcer activities of Byrsonima japurensis A. Juss. (Malpighiaceae). J Ethnopharmacol. 2012;140(2):282-6.

17. Cai Y, Luo Q, Sun M, Corke H. Antioxidant activity and phenolic compounds of 112 traditional Chinese medicinal plants associated with anticancer. Life Sci. 2004;74(17):2157-84.

18. Schroeter H, Boyd C, Spencer JPE, Williams RJ, Cadenas E, Rice-Evans C. MAPK signaling in neurodegeneration: Influences of flavonoids and of nitric oxide. Neurobiol. Aging.2002;23(5):861-80.

19. García DE, Medina MG, Dominguez C, Baldizán A, Humbría J, Cova L, et al. Evaluación química de especies no leguminosas con potencial forrajero en el estado Trujillo, Venezuela. Zootecnia Trop. 2006;24(4):401-15.

20. Mors WB, do Nascimento MC, Ruppelt BM, Álvares N. Plant natural products active against snake bite - the molecular approach. Phytochemistry. 2000;55(6):627-42.

21. Ueda S, Nomura T, Fukai T, Matsumoto J, Kuwanon J. A new diels-alder adduct and chalcomoracin from callus culture of Morus alba. Chem Pharm Bull. 1982;30(8):3042-50.

22. Singh A, Malhotra S, Subban R. Anti-inflammatory and analgesic agents from indian medicinal plants. IJIB. 2008;3(1):1-57.

23. Nartey ET, Ofosuhene M, Kudzi W, Agbale CM. Antioxidant and gastric cytoprotective prostaglandins properties of Cassia sieberiana roots bark extract as an anti-ulcerogenic agent. BMC Complementary and Alternative Medicine. 2012;12(1):65-75.

24. Zakaria ZA, Balan T, Suppaiah V, Ahmad S, Jamaludin F. Mechanism(s) of action involved in the gastroprotective activity of Muntingia calabura. J Ethnopharmacol. 2014;151(3):1184-93.

25. Cruz C, Bolívar P, Gómez-Velasco A, Juárez ZN, Sánchez E, Hernández LR, et al. Antimicrobial, antiparasitic, anti-inflammatory and cytotoxic activities of Lopezia racemosa. The Scientific World Journal. 2013; ID 237438; doi:10.1155/2013/237438

26. Rai A. The antiinflammatory and antiarthritic properties of ethanol extract of Hedera helix. Indian J Pharm Sci. 2013;75(1):99–102.

27. Aquino AB, Cavalcante-Silva LH, Matta CB, Epifânio WA, Aquino PG, Santana AE, et al. The antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of Aspidosperma tomentosum (Apocynaceae) The Scientific World Journal. 2013; ID 218627; doi:10.1155/2013/218627.