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2015, Number 1

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Rev Cubana Plant Med 2015; 20 (1)

Determination of saponins and others secondary metabolites in aqueous extracts of Sapindus saponaria L. (jaboncillo)

Mena VL, Tamargo SB, Salas OE, Plaza PLE, Blanco HY, Otero GA, Sierra GG

Language: Spanish
References: 27
Page: 106-116
PDF size: 120.80 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: the species Sapindus saponaria L. is widely distributed in America. The abundant presence of saponins is characteristic of this specie and it offers a high pharmacological value. Determine the concentration of these metabolites in various plant parts; allow the development of biological assessments.
Objectives: to determine qualitatively and quantitatively the presence of saponins in aqueous extracts of seeds, stems and fruit of Sapindus saponaria L. and identify other metabolites that may be present in the plant.
Methods: the extracts of the plant, with the fruits, seeds and stem was prepare. The extraction by solvent method and the infusion and decoction techniques was used. To identify the presence of secondary metabolites a phytochemical screening was performed on all extracts. Erythrocyte hemolysis assay was used to determine the concentration of saponins in the extracts. The carbohydrates and proteins were quantitatively determinate by Orcinol Sulphuric method and Lowry method respectively.
Results: the phytochemical analysis suggested the presence of saponins, tannins, reducing sugars and flavonoids in the three extracts. The extract of the pericarp had higher concentration of saponins, followed by the seeds and stem. The concentration of carbohydrates and protein was higher in fruit extract than in the rest.
Conclusions: the aqueous extracts obtained by conventional methods, contain secondary metabolites of high pharmacological value. The saponins are found in high concentrations in fruit; however, the carbohydrates and proteins are present at low concentrations in the three evaluated extracts.


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