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ISSN 2225-4676 (Electronic)

2015, Number S1

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Rev Cubana Neurol Neurocir 2015; 5 (S1)

Imbalance model of brain development: a new theorical point of view in the understanding of risk behavior in adolescence

Broche PY

Language: Spanish
References: 48
Page: S38-S44
PDF size: 312.96 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective: To describe the imbalance model of brain development and present empirical evidence supporting this hypothesis on neurodevelopment in adolescence.
Development: Adolescence is a critical period in brain maturation with important implications for affective–social and cognitive dimensions. At this stage there is an increase in risk behaviors and difficulties in decision–making. Classical theories explain this peculiarity referring to the immaturity of a group of higher cognitive processes, however, recent evidence indicates that the basic skills of information processing and its neural substrates have reached their maximum point of development in this period. Imbalance model of brain development is a novel theoretical approach, based on neuroscience, which offers an alternative explanation for the prevalence of risk behaviors and traditional deficit in decision–making during adolescence. The model posits the existence of an asynchronous development between the prefrontal structures in relation to neural areas related to socio–emotional processes. In particular, motivational and emotional subcortical connections develop earlier than they do prefrontal regions related to control. This imbalance leads to maturation increased motivational dominance subcortical regions compared to the prefrontal regions.
Conclusions: The imbalance in the maturation of the prefrontal cortex prevents the optimal development of cognitive control system, allowing the socioemotional system exerts a guiding role in the control of behavior at this age.


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