Sales I, Dzierba AL, Smithburger PL, Rowe D, Kane-Gill SL

Language: English
References: 21
Page: 6-10
PDF size: 83.13 Kb.

ABSTRACT

The purpose of this review was to evaluate the effectiveness of acetylcysteine in the treatment of acute liver failure not related to acetaminophen. A search of MEDLINE April 2003 through May 2012 using the Pub- Med database was conducted using the keywords acetylcysteine and non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure or acetylcysteine and liver failure. All human case reports, case series, and research articles that discussed the use of acetylcysteine for non-acetaminophen induced liver failure were evaluated. A total of 263 articles were identified during this broad search with 11 articles included for review in this article; eight case reports, two retrospective trials, and one prospective, randomized, double-blind multicenter study. In conclusion, the data suggest marginal benefit of IV acetylcysteine in NAI-ALF with coma grades I-II; however, the routine use of acetylcysteine cannot be recommended. It may be considered in non-transplant centers while awaiting referral or when transplantation is not an option. Further studies are necessary to determine optimal dosing, duration, and criteria for patient selection.

REFERENCES

1. Lee WM, Squires RH Jr., Nyberg SL, Doo E, Hoofnagle JH. Acute liver failure: Summary of a workshop. Hepatology 2008; 47: 1401-15. Doi:10.1002/hep.22177.

2. Ostapowicz G, Fontana RJ, Schiodt FV, Larson A, Davern TJ, Han SH, McCashland TM, et al. Results of a prospective study of acute liver failure at 17 tertiary care centers in the United States. Ann Intern Med 2002; 137: 947-54. Available from: www.annals.org+947.long

3. Lee WM LA, Stravitz RT. AASLD Position Paper: The Management of Acute Liver Failure: Update 2011. Hepatology 2001. Epup 2011, Sept. 1. Available from: www.aasld.org/ p racticeguidelines/Documents/AcuteLiverFailureUpdate2011.pdf

4. Harrison P, Wendon J, Williams R. Evidence of increased guanylatecyclase activation by acetylcysteine in fulminant hepatic failure. Hepatology 1996; 23: 1067-72. Doi:10.1002/hep.510230520.

5. Devlin J, Ellis AE, McPeake J, Heaton N, Wendon JA, Williams R. N-acetylcysteine improves indocyanine green extraction and oxygen transport during hepatic dysfunction. Crit Care Med 1997; 25: 236-42. Available from: http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/9034257?dopt=Citation

6. Flanagan RJ, Meredith TJ. The use of N-acetylcysteine in clinical toxicology. Am J Med 1991; 30; 91(3C): 131S-139S. Doi:10.1016/0002-9343(91)90296-A.

7. Harrison PM, Wendon JA, Gimson AE, Alexander GJ, Williams R. Improvement by acetylcysteine of hemodynamics and oxygen transport in fulminant hepatic failure. N Engl J Med 1991; 324: 1852-7. Doi:10.1056/NEJM199106273242604.

8. Sklar GE, Subramaniam M. Acetylcysteine treatment for non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Ann Pharmacother 2004; 38: 498-500. Doi: 10.1345/aph.1D209.

9. Janes SE, Price CS, Thomas D. Essential oil poisoning: Nacetylcysteine for eugenol-induced hepatic failure and analysis of a national database. Eur J Pediatr 2005; 164: 520-2. Doi:10.1007/s00431-005-1692-1.

10. Eisen JS, Koren G, Juurlink DN, Ng VL. N-acetylcysteine for the treatment of clove oil-induced fulminant hepatic failure. J Toxicol Clin Toxicol 2004; 42: 89-92. Doi:10.1081/CLT-120028751.

11. Daram SR, Hayashi PH. Acute liver failure due to iron overdose in an adult. South Med J 2005; 98: 241-4. Doi:10.1097/01.SMJ.0000152546.05519.FE.

12. Assy N, Gefen H, Schlesinger S, Hussein O. The beneficial effect of N-acetylcysteine and ciprofloxacin therapy on the outcome of ischemic fulminant hepatic failure. Dig Dis Sci 2007; 52: 3507-10. Doi:10.1007/s10620-006-9594-2.

13. Sotelo N, de los Angeles Durazo M, Gonzalez A, Dhanakotti N. Early treatment with N-acetylcysteine in children with acute liver failure secondary to hepatitis A. Ann Hepatol 2009; 8: 353-8. Available from: http:// www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/20009135

14. Tuccori M, Guidi B, Montagnani S, Fornai M, Antonioli L, Blandizzi C, di Paolo M. Transient acute liver failure complicating transurethral resection syndrome. Scand J Urol- Nephrol 2010; 44: 269-72. Doi:10.3109/ 00365591003636612.

15. Kumarasena RS, Mananjala Senanayake S, Sivaraman K, de Silva AP, Dassanayake AS, Premaratna R, Wijesiriwardena B, et al. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine in dengue-associated acute liver failure. Hepatol Int 2010; 4: 533-4. Doi:10.1007/s12072-010-9176-4.

16. Cheung MC, Jones RL, Judson I. Acute liver toxicity with ifosfamide in the treatment of sarcoma: a case report. J Med Case Reports 2011; 5: 180. Doi:10.1186/1752-1947- 5-180.

17. Thompson DC, Barhoumi R, Burghardt RC. Comparative toxicity of eugenol and its quinonemethide metabolite in cultured liver cells using kinetic fluorescence bioassays. ToxicolApplPharmacol 1998; 149(1): 55-63. Doi:10.1006/ taap.1997.8348.

18. Thompson DC, Constantin-Teodosiu D, Moldeus P. Metabolism and cytotoxicity of eugenol in isolated rat hepatocytes. ChemBiol Interact 1991; 77: 137-47. Available from: http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/1991333.

19. Kortsalioudaki C, Taylor RM, Cheeseman P, Bansal S, Mieli- Vergani G, Dhawan A. Safety and efficacy of N-acetylcysteine in children with non-acetaminophen-induced acute liver failure. Liver Transpl 2008; 14: 25-30. Doi: 10.1002/ lt.21246.

20. Mumtaz K, Azam Z, Hamid S, Abid S, Memon S, Ali Shah H, Jafri W. Role of N-acetylcysteine in adults with non-acetaminophen- induced acute liver failure in a center without the facility of liver transplantation. Hepatol Int 2009; 3: 563-70. Doi:10.1007/s12072-009-9151-0.

21. Lee WM, Hynan LS, Rossaro L, Fontana RJ, Stravitz RT, Larson AM, Davern DJ 2nd., et al. Intravenous N-acetylcysteine improves transplant-free survival in early stage non-acetaminophen acute liver failure. Gastroenterology 2009; 137: 856-64, 64 e1. Doi:10.1053/j.gastro.2009.06. 006.