2015, Number 3
Prevalence of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in children from northeast Jalisco, Mexico
Cornejo-Escatell E, Fajardo-Fregoso BF , López-Velázquez VM , Soto-Vargas J, Ceja-Moreno H
Language: Spanish
References: 13
Page: 190-195
PDF size: 569.51 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Background. The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders defines attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder as a chronic neurobiological disorder that has a childhood onset and affects behavioral and cognitive areas in different stages of life, having a direct impact on academic achievement and occupational performance in individuals.Objective. Describe the prevalence and comorbidities of schoolchildren with attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder.
Patients and methods. A descriptive study, which involved elementary school students of morning shift of randomly selected elementary school located in the urban area of the cities: Tepatitlán de Morelos, Arandas, San Miguel el Alto and San Juan de los Lagos. We applied Conners questionnaire adapted for Latin-America. Subjects who tested positive were invited to complete neurological consultation. During neurological examination, we intentionally looked for fine motor deficits, language disorders, history of epilepsy, anxiety and depression.
Results. A sample of 8630 students from a total of 19,650, representing 43.9%, 786 positives were obtained, representing a prevalence of 9.11%, which is different from the prevalence set by the DSM-IV TR (3% - 5%). The distribution of ADHD subtypes differed from those reported in literature (inattentive 44.5%, hyperactive 11.5% and mixed 44% vs inattentive 25%, hyperactive 15% and mixed 60%, respectively). The male:female ratio was as expected (2: 1). The perinatal history was not statistically significant factor for developing ADHD.
Conclusion. Probably the differences found with respect to international literature are the result of many factors, such as the type of education in Mexico, psychosocial components and of course a genetic influence, more studies are needed to determine the specific causes of the variations found When performing this type of study to determine the prevalence and characteristics of the affected population, it favors bringing strategies for school education with ADHD in Latin America and, with this, improve student achievement and cognitive development of patients.
REFERENCES