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2015, Number 1

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Rev Esp Med Quir 2015; 20 (1)

Toxic effects of lead

Azcona-Cruz MI, Ramírez AR, Vicente-Flores G

Language: Spanish
References: 42
Page: 72-77
PDF size: 454.72 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Environmental lead exposure is a global public health problem. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), lead exposure has been a source of complications especially by chronic exposure, and is estimated to cause 143 000 deaths each year. The concept of lead poisoning (saturnism, plumbism or lead poisoning) has been defined based on the scientific evidence regarding the toxic effects of lead, at levels of 10 μg/dL or more in adults and 5 μg/dL or more in children; which can originate renal and bone disorders, seizures, cerebral edema and eventually death. It has been reported that chronic exposure promotes a reduction of the intelligence quotient (IQ), hyperactivity and antisocial behavior in children and adults. Lead has no known function in the human body, but it can compete with the metabolism of calcium and iron. Therefore WHO strongly suggests that no level of lead exposure can be considered safe. Nowadays, diagnosis and treatment are defined; however, recently it has taken in consideration the implementation of specific recommendations in each population. It is important to emphasize that lead poisoning is completely preventable, so it is relevant the broadcasting of prevention strategies capable of reducing these health complications, including the reconsideration of the norms and the regulation of levels of lead in Mexico.


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