medigraphic.com
ISSN 1729-519X (Print)

2015, Number 1

<< Back Next >>

Revista Habanera de Ciencias Médicas 2015; 14 (1)

Comparison of thick blood smear and rapid test methods for malaria diagnosis in Luanda, Angola

Nazaré PG, da Silva F, Fortes F, Rojas RL, Cantelar FN, Menéndez CR, Sánchez VL

Language: Spanish
References: 28
Page: 107-115
PDF size: 95.94 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: despite of National programs for control have reduced the morbidity and mortality because of malaria in Africa, this parasitic disease is still an important public health problem in the continent, in the Republic of Angola, and its capital Luanda.
Objective: to compare the skills of technicians on malaria microscopy and to compare the microscopy against a rapid diagnostic test (RTD) in health centers from Luanda.
Material and Methods: among December 2013 y march 2014, one thousand samples were randomly selected from patients visiting laboratories because of suspected diagnosis of malaria. These samples were observed by 20 technicians in 10 health centers from Luanda. A blood sample was taken by every person in order to be examined by thick smear (TS) and a RTD (SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Pf/Pv®). The concordance, the validity, and safety of both methods were evaluated, and the gold standard was defined by thick smears observed by four malaria expert technicians.
Results: the frequency of positivity obtained with RTD was higher than with TSin health centers from Kassequel, Samba, and Km 12 (p ‹ 0.05). The comparison of concordance, validity, and safety between used methods for the diagnosis of malaria showed concordance values with TS higher than RTD. The specificity and predictive values for positives were upper with TS than RTD (p ‹ 0,01).
Conclusions: this study showed the RTDBioline Malaria Ag f/Pv®, is an adequate and sensible method for the diagnosis of P. falciparum infections in Luanda.


REFERENCES

  1. Thwing JI, Mihigo J, Fernandes AP, Saute F, Ferreira C, Fortes F, et al. How much malaria occurs in urban Luanda, Angola? A health facility-based assessment. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2009; 80(3):487-91.

  2. Sousa-Figueiredo JC, Gamboa D, Pedro JM, Fançony C, Langa AJ, Magalhães RJ, et al. Epidemiology of malaria, and others in the context of a demographic surveillance system in northern Angola. PLoS One. 2012; 7:e331-89.

  3. WHO. World Malaria Report. Geneva: World Health Organization; 2008.

  4. COSEP: Angola Malaria Indicator Survey 2006/2007. Luanda-Angola: Consultoria de Serviços, Estudos e Pesquisas - COSEP Lda.Consultadoria de Gestão e Administração em Saúde - ConsaúdeLda. Macro International Inc; 2007.

  5. PMI. Country Profile: Angola. Washington: President’s Malaria Initiative. PMI. President's Malaria Initiative; 2006.

  6. Fançony C, Sebastião YV, Pires JE, Gamboa D, Nery SV. Performance of microscopy and RDTs in the context of a malaria prevalence survey in Angola: a comparison using PCR as the gold standard. Malar J. 2013; 12: 284.

  7. Kilian AH, Metzger WG, Mutschelknauss EJ, Kabagambe G, Langi P, Korte R, et al. Reliability of malaria microscopy in epidemiological studies: results of quality control. Trop Med Int Health. 2000; 5:3-8.

  8. Njama-Meya D, Kamya MR, Dorsey G. Asymptomatic parasitaemia as a risk factor for symptomatic malaria in a cohort of Ugandan children. Trop Med Int Health. 2004; 9:862-868.

  9. Keating J, Miller JM, Bennett A, Moonga HB, Eisele TP. Plasmodium falciparum parasite infection prevalence from a household survey in Zambia using microscopy and a rapid diagnostic test: implications for monitoring and evaluation. Acta Trop. 2009;112:277–282.

  10. Endeshaw T, Gebre T, Ngondi J, Graves PM, Shargie EB, Ejigsemahu Y, et al. Evaluation of light microscopy and rapid diagnostic test for the detection of malaria under operational field conditions: a household survey in Ethiopia. Malar J. 2008; 7:118.

  11. Rowe AK, De León GF, Mihigo J, Santelli AC, Miller NP, Van-Dúnem P. Quality of malaria case management at outpatient health facilities in Angola. Malar J. 2009; 8:275.

  12. Tanzania Commission for AIDS (TACAIDS) ZACZ, National Bureau of Statistics (NBS), Office of the Chief Government Statistician (OCGS), and Macro International Inc: Tanzania HIV/AIDS and Malaria Indicator Survey 2007–08. Dar es Salaam, Tanzania: TACAIDS, ZAC, NBS, OCGS, and Macro International Inc; 2008.

  13. Nyan OJC, Manneh K, Jarjou E. Malaria Baseline Survey Final Report. Gambia: Malaria case management (MCM), Insecticide treated nets (ITNs), Intermittent preventive treatment (IPTp); 2009.

  14. Wongsrichanalai C, Barcus MJ, Muth S, Sutamihardja A, Wernsdorfer WH. A review of malaria diagnostic tools: microscopy and rapid diagnostic test(RDT). Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007;77:119-127.

  15. Manual de Diagnóstico Laboratorial de Malaria,Editora MS- OS 2005/0626. Brazília DF: Ministério da Saúde; 2005.

  16. Mendoza NM, Cucunubá ZM, Aponte S, González NE, Bernal SD. Evaluación de campo de la precisión de la prueba de diagnóstico rápido SD Bioline Malaria Antigen Pf/Pv® en Colombia: Biomédica; 2013; 33:587-97.

  17. Okell LC, Ghani AC, Lyons E, Drakeley CJ. Submicroscopic infection in Plasmodium falciparum-endemic populations: a systematic review and metaanalysis. J Infect Dis. 2009; 200:1509-1517.

  18. Gisev N, Bell JS, Chen TF. Interrater agreement and interrater reliability: key concepts, approaches, and applications. Res Social Adm Pharm. 2013; 9:330-8.

  19. Cerda L, Cifuentes L. Uso de tests diagnósticos en la práctica clínica (Parte 1). Análisis de las propiedades de un test diagnóstico. RevChilInfect. 2010; 27: 205- 208.

  20. Fançony C, Sebastião YV, Pires JE, Gamboa D, Nery SV. Performance of microscopy and RDTs in the context of a malaria prevalence survey in Angola: a comparison using PCR as the gold standard. Malar J. 2013; 12: 284.

  21. Endeshaw T, Gebre T, Ngondi J, Graves PM, Shargie EB, Ejigsemahu Y, et al. Evaluation of light microscopy and rapid diagnostic test for the detection of malaria under operational field conditions: a household survey in Ethiopia. Malar J. 2008, 7:118.

  22. Kyabayinze DJ, Tibenderana JK, Odong GW, Rwakimari JB, Counihan H: Operational accuracy and comparative persistent antigenicity of HRP2 rapid diagnostic tests for Plasmodium falciparum malaria in a hyperendemic region of Uganda. Malar J. 2008, 7:221.

  23. Hopkins H, Kambale W, Kamya MR, Staedke SG, Dorsey G, Rosenthal PJ. Comparison of HRP2- and pLDH-based rapid diagnostic tests for malaria with longitudinal follow-up in Kampala, Uganda. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2007, 76:1092-97.

  24. WHO: Malaria Rapid Diagnosis: Making it Work. Meeting Report Regional Office for the Western Pacific. Geneva, Switzerland: World Health Organization; 2003.

  25. Djallé D, Gody JC, Moyen JM, Tekpa G, Ipero J, Madji N, et al. Performance of Paracheck™-Pf, SD Bioline malaria Ag-Pf and SD Bioline malaria Ag-Pf/pan for diagnosis of falciparum malaria in the Central African Republic: BMC Infect Dis.; 2014; 14:109.

  26. Luchavez J, Baker J, Alcantara S, Belizario V Jr, Cheng Q, McCarthy JS, et al. Laboratory demonstration of a prozone-like effect in HRP2-detecting malaria rapid diagnostic tests: implications for clinical management. Malar J. 2011;10:286.

  27. Gillet P, Scheirlinck A, Stokx J, De Weggheleire A, Chaúque HS, Canhanga OD, et al. Prozone in malaria rapid diagnostics tests: how many cases are missed? Malar J. 2011; 10:166.

  28. Ansah EK, Epokor M, Whitty CJ, Yeung S, Hansen KS. Cost-effectiveness analysis of introducing RDTs for malaria diagnosis as compared to microscopy and presumptive diagnosis in central and peripheral public health facilities in Ghana. Am J Trop Med Hyg. 2013; 89724-36.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com