medigraphic.com
Instituto Nacional de Salud Pública

2014, Number s2

<< Back Next >>

salud publica mex 2014; 56 (s2)

Evidences to validate public policies: a review with an international research perspective

Gregori D

Language: English
References: 55
Page: 157-161
PDF size: 168.51 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Nutrition and related health issues are nowadays topics of general interest. The prevalence of overweight and obesity has increased with alarming speed over the past twenty years, being described by the World Health Organization as a global epidemic. An evidence-based approach to public health interventions should be based on the best available information. Given the substantial investment of society in fundamental and applied health research, and the high expectations of society for reducing the burden of illness, attention to these matters should have high priority. There’s an urgent need to foster the development of international standards, such as food labeling and profiling. Considering the complex network involved in obesity development, it is necessary to promote multiple-concurrent interventions, taking into account that by focusing on a single intervention in isolation, all other factors being constant, each individual policy change is likely to appear ineffective.


REFERENCES

  1. Evidence-Based Medicine Working Group. A new approach to teaching the practice of medicine. JAMA 1992;268(17):2420-2425.

  2. Sackett DL, Rosenberg WM, Gray JA, Haynes RB, Richardson WS. Evidence based medicine: what it is and what it isn’t. BMJ 1996;312(7023):71-72.

  3. Gerhardus A, Breckenkamp J, Razum O. Evidence-based public health. Prevention and health promotion in the context of science, values and (vested) interests. Med Klin (Munich) 2008;103(6):406-412.

  4. Haynes RB. What kind of evidence is it that Evidence-Based Medicine advocates want health care providers and consumers to pay attention to? BMC Health Serv Res 2002;2:3.

  5. Jackson-Leach R, Lobstein T. Estimated burden of paediatric obesity and co-morbidities in Europe. Part 1. The increase in the prevalence of child obesity in Europe is itself increasing. Int J Pediatr Obes 2006;1(1):26-32.

  6. Lobstein T, Jackson-Leach R. Estimated burden of paediatric obesity and co-morbidities in Europe. Part 2. Numbers of children with indicators of obesity-related disease. Int J Pediatr Obes 2006;1(1):33-41.

  7. Lobstein T, Jackson-Leach R. Child overweight and obesity in the USA: prevalence rates according to IOTF definitions. Int J Pediatr Obes 2007;2(1):62-64.

  8. Jafar TH, Qadri Z, Islam M, Hatcher J, Bhutta ZA, Chaturvedi N. Rise in childhood obesity with persistently high rates of undernutrition among urban school-aged Indo-Asian children. Arch Dis Child 2008;93(5):373-378.

  9. Du Toit G, Van der Merwe MT. The epidemic of childhood obesity. S Afr Med J 2003;93(1):49-50.

  10. Uauy R, Albala C, Kain J. Obesity trends in Latin America: transiting from under- to overweight. J Nutr 2001;131(3):893S-899S.

  11. Wijesinghe PR. Obesity is a wake up call for developing world too. BMJ 2006;333(7572):809.

  12. Hebert JR, Allison DB, Archer E, Lavie CJ, Blair SN. Scientific decision making, policy decisions, and the obesity pandemic. Mayo Clin Proc 2013;88(6):593-604.

  13. Rivera JA. Improving nutrition in Mexico: the use of research for decision making. Nutr Rev 2009;67(Suppl 1):S62-S65.

  14. Webster PC. UN summit urges more accountability within food and beverage industry. CMAJ 2011;183(15):E1101-E1102.

  15. Avenell A, Broom J, Brown TJ, Poobalan A, Aucott L, Stearns SC, et al. Systematic review of the long-term effects and economic consequences of treatments for obesity and implications for health improvement. Health Technol Assess 2004;8(21):iii-iv,1-182.

  16. Swinburn B, Sacks G, Ravussin E. Increased food energy supply is more than sufficient to explain the US epidemic of obesity. Am J Clin Nutr 2009;90(6):1453-1456.

  17. Bouchard C. The biological predisposition to obesity: beyond the thrifty genotype scenario. Int J Obes (Lond) 2007;31(9):1337-1339.

  18. Monasta L, Batty GD, Cattaneo A, Lutje V, Ronfani L, Van Lenthe FJ, Brug J. Early-life determinants of overweight and obesity: a review of systematic reviews. Obes Rev 2010;11(10):695-708.

  19. Alff F, Markert J, Zschaler S, Gausche R, Kiess W, Blüher S. Reasons for (non)participating in a telephone-based intervention program for families with overweight children. PLoS One 2012;7(4):e34580.

  20. Hawkes C. Regulating and litigating in the public interest: regulating food marketing to young people worldwide: trends and policy drivers. Am J Public Health 2007;97(11):1962-1973.

  21. Hawkes C, Lobstein T. Regulating the commercial promotion of food to children: a survey of actions worldwide. Int J Pediatr Obes 2011;6(2):83-94.

  22. Brescoll VL, Kersh R, Brownell KD. Assessing the Feasibility and Impact of Federal Childhood Obesity Policies. Ann Am Acad Poli Soc Sci 2008;615(1):178-194.

  23. French SA, Jeffery RW, Story M, Hannan P, Snyder MP. A pricing strategy to promote low-fat snack choices through vending machines. Am J Public Health 1997;87(5):849-851.

  24. French SA, Story M, Jeffery RW, Snyder P, Eisenberg M, Sidebottom A, Murray D. Pricing strategy to promote fruit and vegetable purchase in high school cafeterias. J Am Diet Assoc 1997;97(9):1008-1010.

  25. Powell LM, Chaloupka FJ. Food prices and obesity: evidence and policy implications for taxes and subsidies. Milbank Q 2009;87(1):229-257.

  26. Powell LM, Han E, Chaloupka FJ. Economic contextual factors, food consumption, and obesity among U.S. adolescents. J Nutr 2010;140(6):1175-1180.

  27. Han-Markey TL, Wang L, Schlotterbeck S, Jackson EA, Gurm R, Leidal A, Eagle K. A public school district’s vending machine policy and changes over a 4-year period: implementation of a national wellness policy. Public Health 2012;126(4):335-337.

  28. Kocken PL, Eeuwijk J, Van Kesteren NM, Dusseldorp E, Buijs G, Bassa-Dafesh Z, Snel J. Promoting the purchase of low-calorie foods from school vending machines: a cluster-randomized controlled study. J Sch Health 2012;82(3):115-122.

  29. Neumark-Sztainer D, French SA, Hannan PJ, Story M, Fulkerson JA. School lunch and snacking patterns among high school students: associations with school food environment and policies. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2005;2(1):14.

  30. Datar A, Nicosia N. Junk Foods in School and Childhood Obesity: Much Ado About Nothing? Santa Monica: RAND Corporation, 2009.

  31. Comisión Europea, Dirección General de Salud y Consumidores. Fight against obesity in the EU: European Commission catalyses voluntary action by stakeholders. Health & Consumer Voice 2005.

  32. Fussenegger D, Pietrobelli A, Widhalm K. Childhood obesity: political developments in Europe and related perspectives for future action on prevention. Obes Rev 2008;9(1):76-82.

  33. EU Platform on Diet, Physical Activity and Health. Synopsis Commitments. Annual Report 2007. 2007.

  34. Palmer MA, Capra S, Baines SK. Association between eating frequency, weight, and health. Nutr Rev 2009;67(7):379-390.

  35. Drummond S, Crombie N, Kirk T. A critique of the effects of snacking on body weight status. Eur J Clin Nutr 1996;50(12):779-783.

  36. Keast DR, Nicklas TA, O’Neil CE. Snacking is associated with reduced risk of overweight and reduced abdominal obesity in adolescents: National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) 1999-2004. Am J Clin Nutr 2010;92(2):428-435.

  37. Jenkins DJ, Ocana A, Jenkins AL, Wolever TM, Vuksan V, Katzman L, et al. Metabolic advantages of spreading the nutrient load: effects of increased meal frequency in non-insulin-dependent diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr 1992;55(2):461-467.

  38. Gregori D, Maffeis C. Snacking and obesity: urgency of a definition to explore such a relationship. J Am Diet Assoc 2007;107(4):562-563.

  39. Wurtman J, Wurtman R, Berry E, Gleason R, Goldberg H, McDermott J, et al. Dexfenfluramine, fluoxetine, and weight loss among female carbohydrate cravers. Neuropsychopharmacology 1993;9(3):201-210.

  40. Toornvliet AC, Pijl H, Hopman E, Elte-de Wever BM, Meinders AE. Serotoninergic drug-induced weight loss in carbohydrate craving obese patients. Int J Obes Relat Metab Disord 1996; 20(10):917-920.

  41. Lanfer A, Hebestreit A, Ahrens W. Diet and eating habits in relation to the development of obesity in children and adolescents. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2010;53(7):690-698.

  42. Drewnowski A, Fulgoni V 3rd. Nutrient profiling of foods: creating a nutrient-rich food index. Nutr Rev 2008;66(1):23-39.

  43. Matthys C, Bucchini L, Busstra MC, Cavelaars AE, Eleftheriou P, Garcia-Alvarez A. EURRECA: development of tools to improve the alignment of micronutrient recommendations. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010;64(Suppl 3):S26-S31.

  44. Lobstein T, Davies S. Defining and labelling ‘healthy’ and ‘unhealthy’ food. Public Health Nutr 2009;12(3):331-340.

  45. Foltran F, Verduci E, Ghidina M, Campoy C, Jany KD, Widhalm K, et al. Nutritional profiles in a public health perspective: a critical review. J Int Med Res 2010;38(2):318-385.

  46. Ware JE Jr, Brook RH, Davies AR, Lohr KN. Choosing measures of health status for individuals in general populations. Am J Public Health 1981;71(6):620-625.

  47. Robertson A, Tirado C, Lobstein T, Jermini M, Knai C, Jensen JH. Food and health in Europe: a new basis for action. WHO Reg Publ Eur Ser 2004;96:i-xvi,1-385.

  48. Council Directive 90/496 of 24 September 1990 on Nutrition Labelling for Foodstuffs. Official Journal L 276 1990:40-44.

  49. Garsetti M, de Vries J, Smith M, Amosse A, Rolf-Pedersen N. Nutrient profiling schemes: overview and comparative analysis. Eur J Nutr 2007;46(Suppl 2):15-28.

  50. Lambert JP, Ashwell M. Developing micronutrient reference values: prioritization of tool development by the EURRECA Network of Excellence. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010;64(Suppl 2):S11-S18.

  51. Bonsmann SS, Celemin LF, Grunert KG. Food labelling to advance better education for life. Eur J Clin Nutr 2010;64(Suppl 3):S14-S19.

  52. Grunert KG, Wills JM, Fernandez-Celemin L. Nutrition knowledge, and use and understanding of nutrition information on food labels among consumers in the UK. Appetite 2010;55(2):177-189.

  53. van Trijp HC. Consumer understanding and nutritional communication: key issues in the context of the new EU legislation. Eur J Nutr 2009;48(Suppl 1):S41-S48.

  54. Collins CE, Warren JM, Neve M, McCoy P, Stokes B. Systematic review of interventions in the management of overweight and obese children which include a dietary component. Int J Evid Based Healthc 2007;5(1):2-53.

  55. Kersh R, Stroup DF, Taylor WC. Childhood obesity: a framework for policy approaches and ethical considerations. Prev Chronic Dis 2011;8(5):A93.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com