medigraphic.com
ISSN 0016-3813 (Print)

2005, Number 4

Next >>

Gac Med Mex 2005; 141 (4)

Flouroquinolone activity in clinical isolantes of Streptococcus pnenumoniae with different susceptibility to penicilline: An epidemiological study in five cities of Mexico.

Calva-Mercado JJ, Castillo G, López-Vidal Y

Language: Spanish
References: 24
Page: 253-258
PDF size: 55.53 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Objective: Determine the susceptibility to five fluoroquinolones and cross-resistance of pneumococcus clinical isolates with different penicillin susceptibilities gathered in a community-based study .
Design: Cross-sectional survey.
Materials: Two hundred and thirty one (231) isolates were obtained from respiratory secretions or blood specimens from 231 patients with acquired acute respiratory infection or bacteremia.
Outcome measures: In vitro susceptibility to penicillin (PEN), ciprofloxacin (CIP), levofloxacin (LEV), gatifloxacin (GAT), moxifloxacin (MOX) and gemifloxacin (GEM) was determined with minimal inhibitory concentration (MIC) using the E test.
Results: 42% of the isolates showed decreased susceptibility to PEN. The lowest antibiotic concentration that inhibited 90% of the isolates was 3 mg/ml (for CIP), 1 mg/ml (for LEV), 0.25 mg/ml (for GAT), 0.125 mg/ml (for MOX) and 0.032 mg/ml (for GEM). Median MIC for LEV, GAT, MOX and GEM increased with decreasing susceptibility to CIP. Susceptibility to CIP was similar between penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant pneumococci.
Conclusion: Third and fourth generation fluoroquinolones showed very high inhibitory activity, higher than that for CIP, for both penicillin-susceptible and penicillin-resistant pneumococci. We noted cross-resistance among fluoroquinolones.


REFERENCES

  1. 1. Appelbaum PC. Resistance among Streptococcus pneumoniae: Implications for drug selection. Clin Infect Dis 2002;34:1613-1620.

  2. 2. Hoban DJ, Doem GV, Fluit AC, Roussel-Delvallez M, Jones RN. Worldwide Prevalence of Antimicrobial Resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae, Haemophilus influenzae, and Moraxella catarrhalis in the SENTRY Antimicrobial Surveillance Program, 1997-1999. Clin Infect Dis 2001;32 (Suppl 2):S81-S93.

  3. 3. Jacobs MR, Appelbaum PC. LASER Study Group. Susceptibility of 1 100 Streptococcus pneumoniae strains isolated in 1997 from seven Latin American and Caribbean countries. Inte J Antimicr Age 2000; 16:17-A

  4. 4. Quiñones-Falconi F, Calva JJ, López-Vidal Y, Galicia-Velazco M, Jiménez-Martínez ME, Larios-Mondragón L. Reduced susceptibility to penicillin of Streptococcus pneumoniae as a marker of multidrug resistance in Mexico. Diag Microbiol Infect Dis (enviado)

  5. 5. Jacobs MR. Drug-Resistant Streptococcus pneumoniae: Rational Antibiotic Choices. Am J Med 1999; 1 06(5A): 19S-25S

  6. 6. Scheld WM. Maintaining fluoroquinolone class efficacy: Review of influencing factors. Emer Infect Dise 2003;9:1-9.

  7. 7. Garau J. Treatment of drug-resistant pneumococcal pneumonia. Lancet Infect Dis 2002;2(7):404-415.

  8. 8. Ho PL, Que TL, Tsang NCD, T-K NG, CHOW K-H, Seto W-H. Emergence of fluoroquinolone resistance among multiply resistant strains of Streptococcus pneumoniae in Hong Kong. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1999;43(5):1310-1313.

  9. 9. Ho PL, Yung RWH, Tsang DNC, Que TL, Ho M, Seto WH, et al. Increasing resistance of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones: resuits of Hong Kong multicentre study in 2000. J Antimicrob Chem 2001;48:659-665.

  10. Davidson R, Cavalcanti R, Brunton JL, Bast Dj, de Azavedo JCS, Kibsey P, et al. Resistance to levofloxacin and failure Of treatment of pneuniococcal pneurnonia. N Engl J Med 2002;346:747-750.

  11. Ross JJ, Worthington MG, Gorbach SL. Resistance to levofloxacin and failure of treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2002;347(1):65-66.

  12. Bartlett JG, Dowell SF, Mandell LA, File Jr TM, Musher DM, Fine MJ. Practice Guidelines for the Management of Community-Acquired Pneumonia in Adults. Clin Infect Dis 2000;31:347-382.

  13. Heffelfinger JD, Dowell SF, Jorgensen JH, Klugman KP, Mabry LR, Musher DM, et al. Management of Community-acquired Pneumonia in the Era of Pneumococcal Resistance. Arch Intern Med 2000;160:1399-1408.

  14. American Thoracic Society Official Statement. Guidelines for the Management of Adults with Community-acquired Pneumonia. Diagnosis, Assessment of Severity, Antimicrobial Therapy and Prevention. Am J Respir Crit Care Med 2001;163:1730-1754.

  15. National Comnlittee for Clinical Laboratory Standards. Performance standards for antimicrobial susceptibility testing; Ninth Informational Supplement [MI00-S12]. Wayne Pensylvania: National Committee for Clinical Laboratory Standards, 2002 vol 21

  16. Brueggemann AB, Coffiman SL, Rhomberg P, Huynh H, Almer L, Nilius A, et al. Fluoroquinolone resistance in Streptococcus pneumoniae in United States since 1994-1995. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;46(3):680-688.

  17. Chen DK, McGeer A, de Azabedo JC, Low DE. Decreased susceptibility of Streptococcus pneumoniae to fluoroquinolones in Canada. N Engl J Med 1999; 341:233-239

  18. Pérez-Trallero E, Fernández-Mazarrasa C, García-Rey C, Bouza E, Aguilar L, García-de-Lomas J, et al. Antimicrobial susceptibilities of 1684 Streptococcus pneumoniae and 2039 Streptococcus pyogenes isolates and their ecological relationship: results of a one-year (1998-1999) multicenter surveillance study in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;4-3340.

  19. White RL, Enzweiler KA, Friedrich LV, Wagner D, Hoban D, Bosso JA, et al. Comparative activity of gatifioxacin and other antibiotics against 4009 clinical isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae in the United States during 1999-2000. Diag Microbiol Infect Dis 2002;43(3);207-217.

  20. Pérez-Trallero E, García-Rey C, Martín-Sánchez AM, Aguilar L, García-de Lomas J, Ruiz J, et al. Activities of six different quinolones against clinical respiratory isolates of Streptococcus pneumoniae with reduced susceptibility to ciprofioxacin in Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 2002;46(8):2665-2667.

  21. Legg JM, Bint AJ. Will pneumococci put quinolones in their place? J Antimicrob Chemother 1999;44:425-427.

  22. Saravolatz L, Manzor O, Check C, Pawlak J, Belian B. Antimicrobial activity of moxifloxacin, gatifloxacin and six fluoroquinolones against Streptococcus pneumoniae. J Antimicrob Chemother 2001;47(6):875-877.

  23. Ball AP, Tillotson GS. Lower respiratory tract infections therapy-the role of ciprofloxacin. J Int Med Res 1995;23:315-327.

  24. Hutchinson J. Resistance to levofloxacin and failure of treatment of pneumococcal pneumonia. N Engl J Med 2002;347(1):66-67.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com