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Academia Mexicana de Neurología, A.C.

2013, Number 5

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Rev Mex Neuroci 2013; 14 (5)

GABAergic inhibition system involved in the regulation of food intake and obesity

Sandoval-Salazar C, Ramírez-Emiliano J, Solís-Ortiz S

Language: Spanish
References: 84
Page: 262-271
PDF size: 307.58 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Food intake is regulated in the brain, through the interaction of signaling pathways and neuronal and hormonal molecules. The γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), an inhibitory neurotransmitter of the central nervous system (CNS), is involved in food regulation. GABA function to stimulate or inhibit food intake seems to depend type GABAA or GABAB receptor that binds, cell type that inhibits or uninhibits, substance anorexigenic or orexigenic released and brain structure involved. GABA synthesis, like other neurotransmitters, requires glucose. GABA levels in the brain are regulated by the hypothalamus, pituitary gland and prefrontal cortex to maintain a metabolic balance. Insulin release from the pancreas seems to be regulated by GABA-dependent glucose levels. Thus insulin released reaches the CNS to participate through the hypothalamus in the reduction of food intake. The involvement of GABA out of the CNS not well understood, but apparently has an important role in paracrine signaling, autocrine and endocrine; these functions have shown benefits in the regulation of obesity, hyperglycemia and hypertension. Therefore, the balance between food intake, energy and weight requires integrated mechanisms involving signals from the nervous system, adipose tissue, as well as the quality of nutrients, environmental and psychosocial factors. An imbalance between the energy consumed and worn contributes to the onset of obesity, so it is necessary to understand the participation of molecules such as GABA in metabolic disorders, to integrate brain and endocrine factors influencing in the development of obesity.


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