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Revista de Enfermería del Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social

2005, Number 3

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Rev Enferm IMSS 2005; 13 (3)

Risk range for developing pressure ulcers in hospitalized adult patients

Cantún-Uicab F, Uc-Chi N

Language: Spanish
References: 18
Page: 147-152
PDF size: 127.18 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Introduction: Lack of mobility related to lying down on bed during long periods of time is one of the main factors to predispose to have pressure ulcers. Exposure time to this and other factors determine the frequency and placement of ulcers in the sacra region, heels, and hips.
Objective: To describe the incidence, demographic characteristics, clinics, and related factors to the development of pressure ulcers in hospitalized adult patients in hospitals of third level of assistance in the Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social.
Methodology: 92 adult patients susceptible to develop pressure ulcers, within 72 hours of hospitalization in Surgery, Internal Medicine, Neurosurgery, Orthopedics, and Intensive Care Unit were selected. An initial assessment and follow up every 72 hours were done to each patient until discharge them, about demographic variables and related factors with the presence of pressure ulcers. The demographic and clinic characteristics were analyzed with frequency scores and central tendency. It was estimated an accumulated incidence of pressure ulcers and co-relation among variables, with multivariate analysis of relevant characteristics.
Results: The incidence was 4.5%. From 24 patients who had pressure ulcers, these were located 70% on right heel, 9% on left heel, and 9%on sacral area. 11 patients had a second ulcer: 54% on left heel, 18% sacral area, and 18% right heel. Through bi-varied, a co-relation with diminished mobility, humidity, and attrition were found.
Conclusions: The incidence and characteristics of patients were similar to those reported in other studies. In this study, the risk range to develop pressure ulcer include: average age 65 years old, diagnosis of hip fracture, presence of humidity, limited mobility, friction, and constant sliding. Initial assessment of risk factors is primordial during patient intake.


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