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Órgano Oficial del Sistema Mexicano de Investigación en Psicología (SMIP)

2010, Number 2

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Rev Mex Invest Psic 2010; 2 (2)

Gardner’s Multiple Intelligences. Discovery of the Century or Simple Political Rectitude?

Larivée S

Language: Spanish
References: 68
Page: 115-126
PDF size: 220.59 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Gardner’s response to the question “Is intelligence singular or does it consists of various factors?” is unambiguous—intelligence is made up of various components. However, Gardner is not the first to defend the multiple nature of intelligence. Some authors have proposed a factorial approach and others a hierarchical approach. The publication of “Frames of Mind” (1983) revived the debate but with the addition of the theory of multiple intelligences (MI). This text consists of three sections. First, I will briefly present the principles of Gardner’s theory, the criteria that determine the existence of multiple intelligences and the different types of intelligence proposed by Gardner. I will then present nine criticisms that can be applied to Gardner’s theory, including the problems related to his definition of intelligence. I also question whether this is a scientific theory and if it is indeed a new one. I demonstrate the arbitrary nature of the eight criteria used with regard to the multiple intelligences as well as the ambiguity of the author’s position regarding whether the different types of intelligence are independent of one another. I question the notion that the eight types of intelligence truly share the same status and explore the reasons behind the lack of results from the factorial approaches. I also demonstrate that the theory of multiple intelligences does not consider gender or ethnocultural comparisons and that its attempts to measure multiple intelligences have failed. In the last section of this text, I present some reasons for the popularity of the MI theory. This model has enjoyed considerable success in the field of education despite the fact that the scientific validity of the model has yet to be proven


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