2012, Number 102
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Rev Enfer Infec Pediatr 2012; 25.26 (102)
Congenital cytomegalovirus infection
Espinosa-Sotero MC, Tecuatl HBL, Saltigeral SP
Language: Spanish
References: 41
Page: 225-233
PDF size: 253.94 Kb.
ABSTRACT
Cytomegalovirus (CMV) is the most common infective agent associated with congenital infections at birth. It is the main cause of neurosensorial hearing loss and pschymotor retardation. CMV infection has worldwide distribution. The prevalence in newborns has been reported between 0.5 to 2.4%. About 10% of the infected newborns have symptoms at birth, while 90% are asymptomatic. The most common clinical manifestations are petechial and purpuric lesions, hepatomegalia, splenomegalia, ictericia, hypoacusia and microcephalus. In the asymptomatic infection cases, the most common finding and permanent sequelae is the neurosensorial hypoacusia. The CMV congenital infection is diagnosed on the basis of clinical findings and lab and image tests. Quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) is the gold standard, as it allows to quantify the number of copies of viral particles in the blood of patients. Gancyclovir is a nucleoside analogue of 2’-deoxyguanosine to inhibit virus replication. It is administered at 12 mg/Kg/day, twice a day, for six weeks. It is recommended that every neonate with congenital infection and CNS involvement should receive gancyclovir treatment in order to prevent both hypoacusia and speech and learning disorders.
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