Carrillo ER, Ojino SJ, Carrillo CJR, Carrillo CLD

Language: Spanish
References: 41
Page: 131-136
PDF size: 239.76 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Ventilator associated pneumonia is the principal infectious complication in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU), and represents the main infectious cause of morbidity and mortality. Its diagnosis and management is complex. Consequently, its prevention becomes a cornerstone in daily clinical practice. There is considerable evidence to suggest that specific interventions can be effectively employed to prevent ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). These interventions consist of pharmacological and nonpharmacological strategies that focus on prevention of aerodigestive tract colonization and the prevention of aspiration of contaminated secretions trough subglotic aspiration the major pathogenetic mechanisms leading to VAP. Important components of effective preventive strategies focus on basic infection control principles like handwashing, adequate intensive care unit (ICU) staff education, and optimal resource utilization. Measures to prevent VAP extend into all aspects of daily intensive care practice, including antibiotic selection and duration of use, preferred routes of intubation, limitation of sedation, protocolized weaning, optimal use of noninvasive mask ventilation, patient positioning, ventilator circuit management, transfusion practices, nutritional support issues, stress ulcer an thromboembolic disease prophylaxis, and glycemic control. Effective implementation of these preventive principles result in cost savings and reduce hospital mortality and morbidity related to VAP.

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