Hernández-Dueñas AMR, Vázquez-Larios MR, Soto-Nieto GI, Rivera-Martínez E

Language: Spanish
References: 24
Page: 294-299
PDF size: 266.57 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction. With the increasing prevalence of blood stream infections caused by Candida sp. is necessary to estab lish the susceptibility of resistant strains in various geographical regions. Objective. To determine the in vitro susceptibility to fluconazole, itraconazole, voriconazole and amphotericin B in yeasts isolated from blood through E test method. Material and methods. In the period from 1992 to 2007, a total 112 strains of Candida species were isolated from blood of patients at the National Institute of Cardiology Ignacio Chavez. Susceptibility of these strains was performed to know the level of resistance to Itraconazole, Fluconazole, Voriconazole and Amphotericine B by E test method. Results: C. albicans was the most common species (60.2%), fol lowed by C. tropicalis (9.8%). A five percent of resistance to itraconazole, 1.8% to fluconazole; and 0.9% to amphotericine B and voriconazole were found. C. glabrata was the most re sistant species to the four antifungal agents. Conclusion. The yeasts resistance to the four antifungal agents is still low er in our patients.

REFERENCES

1. Salavert M, Jarque RI, Pemán GJ. Los aspectos epidemiológi cos cambiantes de la candidemia y sus implicaciones clínico te rapéuticas. Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2006; 24(Supl. 1): 36 45.

2. Wey SB, Mori M, Pfaller MA, Woolson RF, Wenzel RP. Risk factors for hospital acquired candidemia. A matched case con trol study. Arch Intern Med 1989; 149: 2349 53.

3. Edwards JE. Invasive candida infections. N Engl J Med 1991; 324(15): 1060 2.

4. Lumbreras C, Lizasoain M, Aguado JM. Antifúngicos de uso sistémico. Enferm Infeccc Microbiol Clin 2003; 21(7): 336 80.

5. Martinez Suarez JV, Rodriguez Tudela JL. Patterns of in vitro activity of itraconazole and imidazole antifungal agents against Candida albicans with decreased susceptibility to fluconazole from Spain. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1995; 39(7): 1512 6.

6. White TC. Antifungal drug resistance in Candida albicans. ASM News 1998; 63(8): 427 33.

7. Galgiani J. Susceptibility testing of fungi: current status of the standardization process. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 1993; 37(12): 2517 21.

8. Cantón E, Pemán J, Bosch M, Viudes A, Gobernado M. Activi dad del voriconazol sobre levaduras aisladas de hemocultivos determinada por dos métodos. Rev Esp Quimioterap 2005; 18(4): 308 312.

9. Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Reference method for broth dilution antifungal susceptibility testing of yeast; approved Standard. 2nd Ed. M27 A2. 2002 Vol 22 Number 15. Villanova, PA

10. Clinical and Laboratory Standard Institute (CLSI). Method for antifungal disk diffusion susceptibility testing of yeast; appro ved guideline M44 A 2002.

11. Etest technical Manual. Edition 2000 AB Biodisk Sweden. Te chnical Guide 4.

12. Murray PR, Baron EJ, Jorgensen JH, Pfaller MA, Yolken RH. Manual of clinical Microbiology. 8th Ed. Editorial ASM Press; 2003, p. 1693 711.

13. Pfaller MA, Diekema DJ, Sheehan DJ. Interpretative breakpo ints for fluconazole and Candida revisited: a blueprint for the future of antifungal susceptibility testing. Clin Microbiol Rev 2006; 19: 435 47.

14. Torres Rodríguez JM, Madrenys N, Jiménez T, Saballs P. Concentraciones mínimas inhibitorias de levaduras a cin co antifúngicos utilizando un micrométodo de dilución estandarizado y el E test. Rev Iberoam Micol 1997; 14: 115 8.

15. Durán MT, Velasco D, Canle D, Moure R, Villanueva R. Sus ceptibilidad antifúngica de aislados de Candida spp. de hemo cultivos en un periodo de cinco años (1997 2001). Enferm Infecc Microbiol Clin 2003; 21: 488 92.

16. Pfaller MA, Diekeman DJ, Jones RN, Sader HS, Fliut AC, Ho llis RJ, et al. International surveillance of bloodstream infectio ns due to Candida species: frequency of occurrence and in vitro susceptibilities to fluconazole, ravuconazole and vorico nazole of isolates collected from 1997 through 1999 in the Sentry Antimicrobial Surveillance Program. J Clin Microbiol 2001; 39(9): 3254 9.

17. Martínez J, Albrecht C. Sensibilidad al fluconazol y a la anfote ricina B en cepas de Candida provenientes de aislamientos clí nicos. Rev Iberoam Micol 1998; 15: 298 9.

18. Pelletier R, Loranger L, Marcotte H, De Carolis E. Voriconazo le and fluconazole susceptibility of Candida isolates. J Med Microbiol 2002; 51: 479 83.

19. Magill SS, Shields C, Sears C, Choti M, Merz WG. Triazole cross resistance among Candida spp.: case report, occurrence among bloodstream isolates, and implications for antifungal therapy. J Clin Microbiol 2006; 44(2): 529 35.

20. Cornejo JL, Velásquez AC, Diás GA, Volkow FP. Tendencia del perfil de sensibilidad antimicrobiana de los aislamientos de sangre en un hospital oncológico (1998 2003). Salud Pública Mex 2005; 47(4): 288 93.

21. Ramírez AML, Perez Miravete A, Santos Preciado JI. Biolo gical features and experimental pathogenicity of Candida strains isolated by hemoculture at the Hospital Infantil de México Federico Gómez. Rev Latinoam Microbiol 1992; 34(4): 259 65.

22. Cuenca Estrella M, Rodríguez D, Almirante B, Morgan J, Pla nes AM, Almela M, et al. In vitro susceptibilities of bloods tream isolates of Candida species to six antifungal agents: result from a population based active surveillance programme, Bar celona, Spain, 2002 2003. J Antimicrob Chemother 2005; 55(2): 194 9.

23. Arcaya NM, Mila L, Pineda MR, Beltran H, Calvo BM. Perfil de sensibilidad antifúngica de especies de Candida aisladas de hemocultivos en un hospital universitario, Maracaibo, Vene zuela. Rev Iberoam Micol 2006; 23: 97 100.

24. Gallego Luque CP, De la Torre J. Actualización diagnóstica y terapéutica en infecciones fúngicas invasoras: de los antiguos tópicos a las nuevas evidencias. Farmacia Hospitalaria 2001; 25(5): 345 55.