medigraphic.com
Boletín Médico del Hospital Infantil de México

2013, Number 2

<< Back Next >>

Bol Med Hosp Infant Mex 2013; 70 (2)

Effects of air pollution on human lung cells

Miguel-Pérez G, Maya G, Flores-Márquez AR, Amador-Muñoz O, Villalobos-Pietrini R, Eguía-Aguilar P, Pérez Peña-Diaz CM, Arenas-Huertero F

Language: Spanish
References: 27
Page: 107-115
PDF size: 443.80 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Background. PM2.5 are components of the atmosphere of Mexico City and contain polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), which induce toxic effects. Due to different compositions of the PM2.5 in all zones of Mexico City and the lack of information about their effects, the main purpose of this study was to evaluate the cytotoxicity and genotoxicity due to soluble organic fractions (SOFs), which contain PAH isolated from the PM2.5 collected from several monitoring stations in Mexico City (northeast, central, and southwest) in a human line cell culture NL-20 during a 24-h period.
Methods. We extracted the SOF of PM2.5 filters from the different monitoring stations. Human bronchial cells were cultured and assays were subsequently performed on the exposure of SOFs to evaluate the effect on the viability and induction of genotoxicity.
Results. Results show that 0.1 µg/µl of SOF from the central station was more cytotoxic, reducing cell viability to 52.4% and 54.2% during both dry and rainy periods, respectively. Also, cellular anomalies such as multinucleation and nuclear atypia were induced. These percentages of cytotoxicity contrasted against those obtained from SOFs from the northeast area that were 91.2% and 85% at the same concentration during both dry and rainy periods, respectively (p ‹0.05). Only at 0.1 µg/µl SOF were the results genotoxic from the northeast and central areas (p ‹0.05).
Conclusions. SOFs from the downtown (central) zone were the most cytotoxic due to the high concentration of automobiles as the main sources of PAH.


REFERENCES

  1. Molina MJ, Molina LT. Megacities and atmospheric pollution. J Air Waste Manag Assoc 2004;54:644-680.

  2. Lezama JL. Medio Ambiente, Sociedad y Gobierno: la Cuestión Institucional. México: El Colegio de México; 2006.

  3. Salazar-Flores M, Rivera-Rodríguez RM, Vázquez-Manriquez ME, Arenas-Huertero F. Synergistic effect of air pollution and habitual smoking on the retention of inorganic fibers identified as ferruginous bodies in autopsy cases in Mexico City. Inhal Toxicol 2009;21:882-888.

  4. Amador-Muñoz O, Villalobos-Pietrini R, Miranda J, Vera-Avila LE. Organic compounds of PM2.5 in Mexico Valley: spatial and temporal patterns, behavior and sources. Sci Total Environ 2011;409:1453-1465.

  5. Secretaría Medio Ambiente. Informe de la calidad del aire en la Zona Metropolitana del Valle de México. Estado y tendencias 1990-2007. Secretaría del Medio Ambiente del Gobierno del Distrito Federal. Dirección General de Gestión de la Calidad del Aire. Dirección de Monitoreo Atmosférico. Ciudad de México; 2008. Disponible en: http://www.sma.df.gob.mx/sma/links/download/archivos/informe_anual_calidad_aire_2007.pdf

  6. Calderón-Garcidueñas L, Mora-Tiscareño A, Fordham LA, Chung CJ, Valencia-Salazar G, Flores-Gómez S, et al. Lung radiology and pulmonary function of children chronically exposed to air pollution. Environ Health Perspec 2006;114:1432-1437.

  7. Cárdenas M, Vallejo M, Romano-Riquer P, Ruiz-Velasco S, Ferreira-Vidal AD, Hermosillo AG. Personal exposure to PM2.5 air pollution and heart rate variability in subjects with positive or negative head-up tilt test. Environ Res 2008;108:1-6.

  8. Vallejo M, Ruiz S, Hermosillo AG, Borja-Aburto VH, Cárdenas M. Ambient fine particles modify heart rate variability in young healthy adults. J Expo Sci Environ Epidemiol 2006;16:125-130.

  9. Roubicek DA, Gutiérrez-Castillo ME, Sordo M, Cebrián-García ME, Ostrosky-Wegman P. Micronuclei induced by airborne particulate matter from Mexico City. Mutat Res 2007;631:9-15.

  10. Alfaro-Moreno E, Martínez L, García-Cuellar C, Bonner JC, Murray JC, Rosas I, et al. Biologic effects induced in vitro by PM10 from three different zones of Mexico City. Environ Health Perspect 2002;110:715-720.

  11. García-Cuellar C, Alfaro-Moreno E, Martínez-Romero F, Ponce de León-Rosales S, Rosas I, Pérez-Cárdenas E, et al. DNA damage induced by PM10 from different zones of Mexico City. Ann Occup Hyg 2002;46(suppl 1):425-428.

  12. Osornio-Vargas AR, Bonner JC, Alfaro-Moreno E, Martínez L, García-Cuellar C, Ponce de León- Rosales S, et al. Proinflammatory and cytotoxic effects of Mexico City air pollution particulate matter in vitro are dependent on particle size and composition. Environ Health Perspect 2003;111:1289-1293.

  13. Plant AL, Knapp RD, Smith LC. Mechanism and rate of permeation of cells by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. J Biol Chem 1987;262:2514-2519.

  14. Nemoto N, Takayama S. Modulation of microsome-mediated benzo(a)pyrene-metabolism by serum. Carcinogenesis 1982;3:359-362.

  15. Penn A, Murphy G, Barker S, Henk W, Penn L. Combustion-derived ultrafine particles transport organic toxicants to target respiratory cells. Environ Health Perspec 2005;113:956-963.

  16. Castelli F, Librando V, Sarpietro MG. Calorimetric approach of the interaction and absorption of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with model membranes. Environ Sci Technol 2002;36:2712-2723.

  17. Librando V, Sarpietro MG, Castelli F. Role of lipophilic medium in the absorption of polycyclic aromatic compounds by biomembranes. Environ Toxicol Pharmacol 2003;14:25-32.

  18. Mazzarella G, Ferraraccio F, Prati MV, Annunziata S, Bianco A, Mezzogiorno A, et al. Effects of diesel exhaust particles on human lung epithelial cells: an in vitro study. Respir Med 2007;101:1155-1162.

  19. Gasiewicz TA, Henry EC, Collins LL. Expression and activity of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in development and cancer. Crit Rev Eukaryot Gene Expr 2008;18:279-321.

  20. Watterson TL, Sorensen J, Martin R, Coulombe RA Jr. Effects of PM2.5 collected from Cache Valley Utah on genes associated with the inflammatory response in human lung cells. J Toxicol Environ Health A 2007;70:1731-1744.

  21. Chirino YI, Sánchez-Pérez Y, Osornio-Vargas AR, Morales-Bárcenas R, Gutiérrez-Ruiz MC, Segura-García Y, et al. PM(10) impairs the antioxidant defense systems and exacerbates oxidative stress driven cell death. Toxicol Lett 2010;193:209-216.

  22. Rumelhard M, Ramgolam K, Auger F, Dazy AC, Blanchet S, Marano F, et al. Effects of PM2.5 components in the release of amphiregulin by human airway epithelial cells. Toxicol Lett 2007;168:155-164.

  23. Baulig A, Blanchet S, Rumelhard M, Lacroix G, Marano F, Baeza-Squiban A. Fine urban atmospheric particulate matter modulates inflammatory gene and protein expression in human bronchial epithelial cells. Front Biosci 2007;12:771-782.

  24. Calderón-Segura ME, Gomez-Arroyo S, Villalobos-Pietrini R, Butterworth FM, Amador-Muñoz O. The effects of seasonal weather on the genotoxicity, cytokinetic properties, cytotoxicity and organochemical content of extracts of airborne particulates in Mexico City. Mutat Res 2004;558:7-17.

  25. Villalobos-Pietrini R, Hernández-Mena L, Amador-Muñoz O, Munive-Colín Z, Bravo-Cabrera JL, Gómez-Arroyo S, et al. Biodirected mutagenic chemical assay of PM(10) extractable organic matter in Southwest Mexico City. Mutat Res 2007;634:192-204.

  26. Gutiérrez-Castillo ME, Roubicek DA, Cebrían-García ME, De Vizcaya-Ruíz A, Sordo-Cedeño M, Ostrosky-Wegman P. Effect of chemical composition on the induction of DNA damage by urban airborne particulate matter. Environ Mol Mutagen 2006;47:199-211.

  27. Rodríguez-Romero MI, Gomez-Arroyo S, Villalobos-Pietrini R, Martínez-Valenzuela C, Cortés-Eslava J, Calderón-Ezquerro MC, et al. Evaluation of 8-hydroxy-2´-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) adduct levels and DNA strand breaks in human peripheral blood lymphocytes exposed in vitro to polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons with or without animal metabolic activation. Toxicol Mech Methods 2012;22:170-183.




2020     |     www.medigraphic.com