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2013, Number 1

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Rev Mex Patol Clin Med Lab 2013; 60 (1)

New observations on the ecology and epidemiology of Sporothrix schenckii and sporotrichosis
2. Ecological niches of S. schenckii and zoonotic outbreaks

Carrada-Bravo T, Olvera-Macías MI

Language: English
References: 98
Page: 5-24
PDF size: 1208.74 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Sporotrichosis is the most common subcutaneous mycosis in the Americas, Japan, India and South Africa. Classically, infection was associated with out-of-door occupations and the traumatic inoculation of soil, vegetables, thorns, straws and grasses, contaminated with S. schenckii. This paper presents the fungus ecology and disease risk-factors, according to recent epidemiologic and laboratory research work. From 2005 through 2008, 804 human new cases were diagnosed at the Evandro Chagas Clinical Research Institute (IPEC), most affected were women 40-49 years, engaged in domestic duties and from deprived social strata. Close contact with cats was recorded in 91% of human cases, bites or scratches were reported by 68% of patients. Also 64 dogs and 1,503 infected cats were confirmed at IPEC. Canine sporotrichosis presented as self limited mycosis. Feline disease varied from subclinical infection to systemic disease with hematogenous dissemination of S. schenckii. The cat’s zoonotic potential was demonstrated by isolation of S. schenckii from skin lesions biopsy, and the materials collected from oral-nasal cavities, and nails. From 1999 through 2009, there were 21 HIV patients with sporotrichosis the largest case series reported to date. Eleven (52.4%) were treated with oral itraconazole and eight (38.1%) amphotericin-B, with an overall excellent cure rate of 81%.


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