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2012, Number 4

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Rev Hematol Mex 2012; 13 (4)

Hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children

Verduzco-Rodríguez L, Verduzco-Aguirre HC, López-Ariza B

Language: Spanish
References: 22
Page: 172-176
PDF size: 165.68 Kb.


ABSTRACT

Background: American literature reports hyperdiploid acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) in 30% of child patients. There are differences in frequency between developed and developing countries.
Methods: We obtained the karyotype and immunophenotype of 40 consecutive non-selected cases of ALL in children in the Regional Hospital of Río Blanco, Veracruz between 2004 and 2007. Immunophenotyping was done in Laboratorios Cínicos de Puebla, and karyotyping with GTG banding in Laboratorio CIGEHUM in Veracruz, Ver.
Results: Of the 40 patients, 100% were immunophenotyped and 90% karyotyped, because 10% of the cultures (4 cases) were not successful. Immunophenotype showed B precursors in 77%, T cells in 5%, mature B in 10%, mixed and undifferentiated in 7%, which is essentially similar to other publications. There was a great difference between our results in karyotyping with respect to other reports, since we found hyperdiploid karyotypes in 8% of cases and translocations t(9:22) in 19%. Pseudodiploidy was found in 64% of cases and a normal karyotype in 28%.
Conclusions: Low frequency of hyperdiploid cases in our series could be explained by local epidemiologic features that might support the adrenal and infectious hypotheses of the origin of ALL. A hypothesis that encompasses this could consist in the elimination of hyperdiploid leukemic clones with a marked tendency to spontaneous apoptosis by a greater incidence of infections in the first years of life that modulate the immune system of children.



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