1999, Number 1
<< Back Next >>
Rev Med Hosp Gen Mex 1999; 62 (1)
Intelectual impairment syndrome: New trends for diagnosis and treatment
González CA, Vidales JA, Camacho J, Alexánderson REG, Alcántara VA
Language: Spanish
References: 45
Page: 38-47
PDF size: 78.17 Kb.
ABSTRACT
If has been seen all around the world an increase of frequency of sicknes which have a common denominator "intelectual impairment". The results seen to determine the physiopathology of the disease associate them to a loss of acetilcholinesterase, reduction in noradrenaline concentration and 5 hidroxitriptamine (5-HT) as well in the hypocampus cortex. An analysis is made in this article about the diagnostic criteria and the treatment routes, together with the prognosis of these patients wich has shown to be variable depending on the symptoms evolution giving an average of 15 years survival since the appearance of the symptoms and death mainly caused by infectious diseases, metabolic problems or malnutrition associated. The whole has an economical, familiar and social repercusion.
REFERENCES
Erkinjuntti T, Wikström J, Palo J, Autio L. Dementia among medical in patients. Evaluation of 2000 consecutive admissions. Arch Intern Med 1986; 146: 1923.1926.
Henderson AS. The epidemiology of Alzheimer’s disease. BR Med Bullo 1986; 42 (1): 3-10.
Gutiérrez L. Grupo de Consenso sobre el Síndrome de Deterioro Intelectual y Padecimientos demenciales. Consensos Fundación Mexicana para la Salud. 1996. México, D.F.
Bermejo F. Demencias. En: Codina-Puiggros (eds). Tratado de neurología. Madrid, España: Editorial El Libro del Año, 1994; cap 32: 421-437.
Friedland R. Alzheimer´s disease update. Clin Geriatr Med 1994; 10 (2): 328-338.
Plum F. Dementia: an approaching epidemic. Nature 1979; 279: 372-373.
Birge S. The role of estrogen in the treatment of Alzheimer´s disease. Neurology 1997; 48 (suppl 7): S36-S41.
Thal L. Therapy in neurology update on treatment of Alzheimer´s disease. In: Therapy in neurology II. American Academy of Neurology. 49th Annual Meeting. April 12-19, Boston MA 1997: 236-266.
9 St. George-Hyslop P, Haines J, Rogaev E et al. Genetic evidence for a novel familial Alzheimer’s disease locus on Chromosome 14. Nat Genev 1992; 2: 330-334.
Rogaev EJ, Lukiw WS, Vaula G et al. Analysis of the C-Fos gene on chromosome 14 and the promoter of amyloid precursor protein gene in familial Alzheimer’s disease. Neurology 1993; 43: 2275-2279.
Breither JCG. Clinical genetics and genetic counseling in Alzheimer’s disease. Ann Intern Med 1995; 115: 601-606.
Pericak-Vancema, Bebout SL, Gaskell PC Jr et al. Linkage studies in familial Alzheimer’s disease: Evidence for chromosome 19 linkage. AM J Hum Genet 1991; 48: 1034-1050.
Valerdiz S, Mindan PFJ. Enfermedades infecciosas en anatomía patológica. Madrid, España: Editorial Mosby, 1997: 281-331.
Ida C, Lasmezas J, Deslys Ph, Dormont D et al. Las enfermedades por priones y su agente secreto. Mundo Científico 1997; 182: 750-757.
Arana AA. Interacciones entre el virus y el organismo hospedero en la frontera de la vida: Los virus. 2a ed. México, DF: Fondo de Cultura Económica, 1995: 105-112.
Cowen P. Advances in psychopharmacology: Mood disorders and dementia. Br Med Bull 1996; 52: 539-555.
Huppert FA, Tym E. Clinical and neuropsychological assessment of dementia. Br Med Bull 1986; 42 (1): 11-18.
Rabins PV, Merchanv A, Nestadt G. Criteria for diagnosing reversible dementia caused by depression: Validation by 2-year follow-up. BR J Psychiatric 1984; 144: 488-92.
Clarfield AM. The reversible demetia: Do they reverse? Ann Intern Med 1988; 109: 476-480.
Klein LE, Roca RP, McArthur J et al. Diagnosing dementia. J AM Geriatric Soc 1985; 33: 483(8.
Corey-Bloom J, Thal L, Galasko J et al. Diagnosis and evaluation of dementia. Neurology 1995; 45: 211(218.
Crum RM, Anthony JC, Bassett SS et al. Population-brised norms for the mini-mental state examination by age and educational senil. JAMA 1993; 269 (18): 2386-2391.
Caltagirone C, Gainotti G, Masullo C, Miceli G. Validity of some neuropsychological test in the assessment of mental deterioration. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1979; 60: 50-56.
Larson EB, Reifler Bv, Sumi SM, Carfield CG, Chinn NM. Diagnostic tests in the evaluation of demetia. Arch Intern Med 1986; 146: 1917-1922.
Reisberg B. Ferris SH, De León MJ, Crook T. The Global Deterioration Scale for assessment of primary degenerative dementia. Am J Psychiatry 1982; 139: 1136-1139.
Kolman PB. The value of laboratory investigations of elderly psychiatric patients. J Clin Psychiatry 1989; 45: 112.
Jagust W, Eberling J. MRI, CT, SPECT, PET: Their use in diagnosing dementia. Geriatrics 1991; 46: 28-35.
Haughton VM, Rimm AA, Sobocinski KA et al. A blinded clinical comparison of MR imaging and CT in neuroradiology. Radiology 1986; 160: 751-755.
Zubenko GS. Progression of illness in the differential diagnosis of primary dementia. Am J Psychiatric 1990; 147: 435-438.
Consensos Conference Dementia: Differential diagnosis of dementing diseases. JAMA 1987; 258 (23): 3411-3416.
Jutagir R. Psychological aspects of aging: When does memory loss signal dementia? Geriatrics 1994; 49: 45-53.
Zubenko GS, Moosy J. Mayor depression in primary demetia. Arch Neurol 1988; 45: 1187-1196.
Albert L. Screening for dementia and investigating its causes. Ann Intern Med 1991; 115: 122-132.
Rise SC, Barres R. Pharmacologic treatment of agitation associated with dementia. J AM Geriatric Soc 1986; 34: 368-376.
Risse SC, Barnes R. Pharmacologic treatment of agitation associated with dementia. J AM Geriatric Soc 1986; 34: 368-376.
Sky AJ, Grossberg GT. The use of psychotropic medication in the management of problems behaviors in the patient with Alzheimer’s disease. Med Clin N Am 1994; 4 (78): 811-821.
Taylor DC. The components of sickness: diseases, illnesses and predicaments. Lancet 1979; 2: 1008.
Schneider LS, Pollock VE, Lyness SA: A metaanalysis of controlled trials of neuroleptic treatment in dementia. J AM Geriatric Soc 1990; 38: 553-563.
Schneider LS, Tariot PN. Emerging drugs for Alzheimer’s disease. Med Clin N Am 1994; 4 (78): 911-933.
Eagger SA, Levy R, Sahakian BJ. Tacrine in Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet 1991; 337: 989-992.
Peter J, White House MA, Geldmacher DS. Pharmacotherapy for Alzheimer’s disease. Clin Geriatr Med 1994; 10 (2): 339-349.
Stern GM. New drug interventions in Alzheimer’s disease. Cur Op Neurol Neurosurg 1992; 5: 100-103.
Cucinotta D, Passeri M, Ventura S et al. Multicenter clinical placebo-controlled study with Acetyl-L-Capritina (LAC) in the treatment of midly demented elderly patients. Drug Dev Res 1988; 14: 213-216.
Mc Geer PL, Mc Geer E, Rogers J et al. Anti-inflammatory drugs and Alzheimer’s disease. Lancet 1987; 335: 1037.
Chatellier G, Lacombler L. Tacrine and lecithin in senile dementia of the Alzheimer’s type: a multicentre trial. BR Med J 1990; 300: 395-399.