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2012, Number 4

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Rev Med MD 2012; 3.4 (4)

Abdominal aortic aneurysm

Bautista-González S, Gúzman-Chávez OR, Sandoval-Virgen FG.

Language: Spanish
References: 32
Page: 204-210
PDF size: 542.30 Kb.


ABSTRACT

An aneurysm is a pathological dilatation in a segment of a blood vessel that might break due to thinning in the vascular wall. An abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) occurs when a portion of the aorta under the kidney arteries expands equally or larger than 3 cm diameter. It is the tenth cause of death in Caucasians in their 60's. There is 4-7 % prevalence and a mortality rate of 30-60%. Smoking increases fivefold the risk of AAA. Its pathogenesis is multifactorial. Histologically, there is an inflammatory pattern with destruction of the collagen and elastin of middle and the aortic adventitia layers with lymphocytes and microphages infiltration, as well as neurovascularization. Most of the AAA are asymptomatic and thus, are found incidentally. As the size increases, can trigger abdominal pain and/or lumbago associated to the appearance of a palpable mass or murmur. Currently the abdominal Ultrasonogram is the gold standard for its diagnose. The medical treatment considered in asymptomatic patients with aneurysm between 4 and 5.5 cm. Surgery is recommended on patients displaying symptomatic aneurysm with smaller diameters, aneurysms larger than 5.5 cm or increasing 0.5 cm in 6 months.


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