Pola AL, Pérez GE, Juvier RT, Rodríguez MYN, Columbié GY, Santiesteban FR

Language: Spanish
References: 35
Page:
PDF size: 115.93 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Neurological illnesses like cranial and craniocervical dystonias are often cause of consultation in ophthalmology, basically bening essential blepharospasm. This illness is characterized by bilateral involuntary spasmodic contraction of eyelids. Among the common associated ocular manifestations, the dry eye syndrome is the most frequent. Current studies suggest that this condition could be connected with the etiopathogeny of the disease. Most of patients require the treatment of signs and symptoms stemmed from disturbances in the eye surface after the use of chemical denervation with botulinum toxin, which is the therapical choice It is increasingly clear that the opthalmologist must be part of the multidisciplinary medical team in order to achieve the greatest benefit for these patients.

REFERENCES

1. Talkow J. Klonische Krampfe der Augenlider: Neurotomie der supraorbitalnerven. Klin Monatsbl Augenheilkd. 1870;8:129-45.

2. Wood HC. Nervous diseases and their diagnosis: a treatise upon phenomena produced by diseases of the nervous system. Philadelphia: Lippincott; 1887.

3. Hallett M, Evinger C, Jankovic J, Stacy M. Update on blepharospasm. Report from the BEBRF International Workshop. Neurology. 2008;71(18):1275-82.

4. Fernández-Álvarez E. Algunas consideraciones prácticas para el manejo de los trastornos del movimiento en la infancia. Rev Neurol. 1999;28(1):53-6.

5. Albanese A. The clinical expression of primary dystonia. Journal of Neurology. 2003;250(10):114551.

6. Albanese A, Barnes MP, Bhatia KP, Fernandez Alvarez E, Filippini G, Krauss JK, et al. A systematic review on the diagnosis and treatment of primary (idiopathic) dystonia and dystonia plus syndromes: report of an EFNS/MDS-ES Task Force. Eur Jl of Neurol. 2006:13(5):43344.

7. Geyer HL, Bressman SB. The diagnosis of dystonia. The Lancet Neurology. 2006;5(9):78090.

8. Albanese A, Lalli S. Is this dystonia? Mov Disord. 2009;24(12):172531.

9. Sanker V, Bressman S. What is new in dystonia?. Current neurology and neuroscience reports. 2009;9(4):278-84.

10. Ochudlo S, Drzyzga K, Drzyzga LR, Opala G. Various patterns of gestes antagonistes in cervical dystonia. Parkinsonism and Related Disorders. 2007;13(7):41720.

11. Neychev VK, Fan X, Mitev VI, Hess EJ, Jinnah HA. The basal ganglia and cerebellum interact in the expression of dystonic movement. Brain. 2008;131(9):2499509.

12. McNaught KS, Kapustin A, Jackson T, Jengelley TA, JnoBaptiste R, Shashidharan P, et al. Brainstem pathology in DYT1 primary torsion dystonia. Annals of Neurology. 2004;56(4):540-7.

13. LeDoux MS. Meige syndrome. What is in a name? Parkisonism and related disorders. 2009;15:(7):483-9.

14. De Vries PM, Leenders KL, Van Der Hoeven JH, De Jong BM, Kuiper AJ, Maurits NM. Abnormal surface EMG during clinically normal wrist movement in cervical dystonia. Eur J Neurol. 2007;14(11):124450.

15. Coscarelli JM. Essential blepharospasm. Seminars in Ophthalmology. 2010; 25(3):1048.

16. Weinstein GS, Anderson RL. Diagnosis and treatment of blepharospasm. En: Smith BC, Della Rocca RC, Nesi FA, editores. Ophtalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. St Louis: Mosby; 1987. p. 607.

17. Scott AB. Botulinum treatment of blepharospasm. En: Smith Byron C, Della Rocca RC, Nesi FA, editores. Ophtalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. St Louis: Mosby; 1987. p. 609-12

18. O'Riordan S, Raymond D, Lynch T, Sauders-Pullman R, Bressman SB, Daly L, et al. Age at onset as a factor in determining the phenotype of primary torsion dystonia. Neurology. 2004;63(8):423-6.

19. Defazio G, Martino D, Abbruzzese G, Girlanda P, Tinazzi M, Fabbrini G, et al. Influence of coffee drinking and cigarette smoking on the risk of primary late onset blepharospasm: evidence for a multicentre case control study. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry. 2007;78(8):877-9.

20. Ropper A, Brown R. Tremor, myoclonus, focal dystonias and tics. En: Ropper A, Brown R. Principles of neurology. 8va ed. Philadelphia: Mc Graw-Hill Medical publishing division; 2005. p. 92-4.

21. Miller KM, Okun MS, Fernandez HF, Jacobson CE, Rodriguez RL, Bowers D. Depression symptoms in movement disorders: comparing Parkinson's disease, dystonia, and essential tremor. Movement Disorders. 2007;22(5):66672.

22. Bugalho P, Correa B, Guimaraes J, Xavier M. Set-Shifting and behavioral dysfunction in primary focal dystonia. Movement Disorders. 2008;23(2):2006.

23. Weiss EM, Hershey T, Karimi M, Racette B, Tabbal SD, Mink JW. Relative risk of spread of symptoms among the focal onset primary dystonias. Movement Disorders. 2006;21(8):1175-81.

24. Lamberti P, De Mari M, Zenzola A, Aniello MS, Defazio G. Frequency of apraxia of eyelid opening in the general population and in patients with extrapyramidal disorders. Neurological Sciences. 2002;23(2):81-2.

25. Evinger C, Bao JB, Powers AS, Kassem IS, Schicatano EJ, Henriquez VM, et al. Dry eye, Blinking and Blepharospasm. Movement Disorders. 2002;17 Suppl 2:758.

26. Herz NL, Yen MT. Modulation of sensory photophobia in essential blepharospasm with chromatic lenses. Ophthalmology. 2005;112(12):2208-11.

27. Stringham JM, Fuld K, Wenzel AJ. Action spectrum for photophobia. J Opt Soc Am. 2003;20(10):1852-8.

28. Adams WH, Digre KB, Patel BC, Anderson RL, Warner JE, Katz BJ. The evaluation of light sensitivity in benign essential blepharospasm. Am J Ophtahlmol. 2006;142(1):82-7.

29. Bombana Nicoletti AG, Cabral Zacharias L, Remo S Jr, Matayoshi S. Patients with essential blepharospasm and glaucoma: case reports. Arq Bras Oftalmol. 2008;71(5):74751.

30. Fahn S, Bressman S. Dystonia. En: Rowland LP, Rowland R, editores. Merritt's Neurology. [CD-ROM] 10ma ed. Philadelphia: Lippincott.Williams & Wilkins Publishers; 2000.

31. Simpson DM, Blitzer A, Brashear A, Comella C, Dubinsky R, Hallett M, et al. Assessment: botulinum neurotoxin for the treatment of movement disorders (an evidence-based review): report of the Therapeutics and Technology Assessment Subcommittee of the American Academy of Neurology. Neurology. 2008;70(19):1699706.

32. Bihari K. Safety, effectiveness, and duration of effect of BOTOX after switching from Dysport for blepharospasm, cervical dystonia and hemifacial spasm. Current medical research and opinion. 2005;21(3):433-8.

33. Cannon P, Mackenzie K, Cook A, Leatherbarrow B. Difference in response to botulinum toxin type A treatment between patients with benign essential blepharospasm and hemifacial spasm. Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology. 2010;38(7):688-91

34. Pappert EJ, Germanson T. Botulinum toxin type B vs. type A in patients with cervical dystonia: randomized, double-blind, noninferiority trial. Movement Disorders. 2008;23(4):5107.

35. Chapman MA, Barron R, Tanis DC, Gill CE, Charles PD. Comparison of botulinum neurotoxin preparations for the treatment of cervical dystonia. Clinical Therapeutics. 2007;29(7):132337.