Trujillo BWG, Lombard HAM, Cruz AA, Hernández GAM

Language: Spanish
References: 12
Page: 48-57
PDF size: 510.87 Kb.

ABSTRACT

From a chemical disaster simulation exercise, with a theoretical and practical diagnosis on learning needs of workers at a factory, health sector and community population in the municipality of Arroyo Naranjo, Cuba, about the reduction plan of chemical disaster in a factory and its surrounding community, we designed a training program on five themes, which was implemented over a period of 6 months with the aim of improving knowledge about the actions and tasks that must develop and systematize various players in this type of catastrophic event. The initial analysis showed that workers of this factory, health and community, had little initial knowledge about the subject , and their greatest needs were centered in aspects related to the plan for reduction of chemical, followed by the shares to be developed in prehospital care stages after the occurrence of an event of this nature. The program designed proved to be adequate to raise the level of knowledge about chemical disaster reduction, yielding the greatest impact in terms of satisfactory knowledge in the workers in the factory, followed by health workers who participated in the chemical disaster scenario exercise. The program had the greatest impact on increasing the knowledge related to chemical disaster reduction plan itself, followed by actions to develop in the prehospital phase of care after the disaster.

REFERENCES

1. International Programme on Chemical Safety (IPCS). User´s manual for the IPCS health and safety guides. Ginebra: World Health Organization; 1996.

2. Vargas Marcos F. Prevención y control del riesgo de los productos químicos. Rev Esp Salud Pública. 1996;70: 409-20.

3. Boletín Oficial del Estado. Real Decreto 363/1995 por el que se aprueba el Reglamento sobre notifica-ción de sustancias nuevas y clasificación, envasado y etiquetado de sustancias peligrosas. BOE núm 133 (suplemento), 5/6/1995.

4. Binder S. Deaths, injuries and evacuations from acute hazardous materials releases. Am J Public Health. 2000;79: 1042-4.

5. Hall HI, Dhara VR, Price-Green PA, Kaye WE. Surveillance for emergency events involving haz-ardous substances - United States, 1990-1992. MMWR Morb Mortal Wkly Rep. 2000;43(SS-3):1-6.

6. Hall HI, Haugh GS, Price-Green PA, Dhara VR, Kaye WE. Risk factors for hazardous substances re-leases that result in injuries and evacuations: Data from 9 states. Am J Public Health. 2000;86: 855-7.

7. Santamaría Ramiro JM, Braña Aísa PA. Análisis y reducción de riesgos en la industria química. 10ª ed. Madrid: Ed. MAPFRE; 1994.

8. Calvete Oliva A. El riesgo de desastre químico como cuestión de salud pública. Rev Esp Salud Pública. 1998;72(6):481-500.

9. Nelkin D. Communicating technological risk: The social construction of risk perception. Ann Rev Public Health 2001;10: 95-113.

10. Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Devel-opment (OECD). Health aspects of chemical acci-dents: Guidance on chemical accident awareness, Preparedness and response for health professionals and emergency responders. OECD Environmental Monograph nº 81. Paris: OECD; 2001.

11. González D. Fuentes de información en accidentes químicos. Biblioteca básica. Memoria del Simposio Regional sobre Preparativos para Emergencias y Desastres Químicos: Un reto para el siglo XXI; 1996 Oct 30 - Nov 1; México DF: Organización Panamericana de la Salud; 2001.

12. Trujillo Blanco W. Análisis de la situación de salud, Arroyo Naranjo, 2008. La Habana: Dirección Mu-nicipal de Salud de Arroyo Naranjo; 2009.