Del Campo SAL, Gómez CFJ

Language: Spanish
References: 19
Page: 38-44
PDF size: 181.23 Kb.

ABSTRACT

Introduction: smoking in the family directly affects the respiratory health of children and predisposes to childhood asthma. When talking about passive smoking as a risk factor to develop childhood asthma, family physicians make preventive actions of health education on the patient and family as well. Objectives: to evaluate changes in smoking habits done by families with asthmatic children, based on specific orientation given by the family physician about passive smoking as a risk factor. Material and methods: observational, descriptive, cross sectional and prospective study. The evaluated group was selected from the Jose Castro Villagrana Health Center and the Pediatric Hospital of Coyoacan, Mexico, since March 2007 to March 2008.Through a structured interview 100 questionnaires were applied to the same number of parents or tutors of asthmatic children from two to 14 years old who were exposed to smoking at home. Those selected children were attended by a family physician in a period of not less than six months. The information gathered was used to identify conditions related to smoking and bronchial asthma. Results: the families of the asthmatic children were informed about the passive smoking risk in 83% of the cases. The family physician orientation modified their smoking habits in 69.9% of the cases. The changes were: outdoor smoking (48.9%), decreasing number of cigarettes (31.5%), to avoid smoking near the child (10.5%) and quit smoking (9.2%). Relatives who modified their smoking habits were parents, mother predominance (81.5%) compared with the father (80.3%). When the change of smoking habits depended on only one member of the family, aunts/uncles (77.7%) and grand-parents (66.6%) did not modified them. Conclusions: family physician identifies smoking in a family as a risk factor to have childhood asthma and gives orientation. The change of smoking habits made in the family, in most of the cases, was outdoor smoking. It is important that health professionals should apply different strategies to bring about changes in smoking habits to benefit the asthmatic children as well as the families.

REFERENCES

1. Sánchez I, Palomino MA. Neumología pediátrica. Depto. de Pedi. Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile. 2006, 1(2); 42-94.

2. Beatriz Anzures López. Alergia e inmunología pediátrica. Primera parte: Asma. Revista Médica del Hospital General de México. 2001 64(4) 251-258.

3. Solares GR. Asmáticos 2.1 millones de niños por culpa de padres fumadores. Crónica. 2005 Agosto 26; Salud.

4. Latorre J, Cayguara L. Prevalencia y factores de riesgo de asma bronquial en niños. Archivos de medicina familiar y general. San Salvador Jujuy, España. 2005. 1 (2); 301-306.

5. Skorge TD, Tomas ML. The Adult Incidence of Asthma and Respiratory Symptoms by Passive Smoking In Utero or in Childhood. Am J Respir Crit Care Med. University of Bergen, Norway. 2005 1(172); 61-66.

6. Global Initiative for Asthma. Global Strategy for asthma diagnosis and prevention. Global Initiative for asthma (updated 2008). Disponible en: www.ginasthma.org.

7. Vázquez Nava F, Saldívar González FA , Asociación entre atopia familiar, exposición a humo de tabaco, tabaquismo activo, obesidad y asma en adolescentes. Arch Bronconeumol. Tamaulipas. México. 2006. 42 (12); 621-626.

8. Comunicado de prensa conjunta OMS/CEC/4. Informe de indicadores sobre salud infantil y medio ambiente en América Del Norte: primicia Mundial. Comisión para la Cooperación Ambiental (CCA), en asociación con organizaciones de salud pública y los gobiernos de Canadá, Estados Unidos y México. Montreal, Canadá. 26 de enero de 2006.

9. Santos OR, San Juan Blanco RM. Asociación entre tabaquismo pasivo y asma bronquial en niños de 2 a 14 años. Hospital Calixto García, La Habana, Cuba. 2003 1(1); 1-8.

10. Cabrera Navarro, .JA Caminero Luna. Factores de riesgo en asma. Arch Bronconeumol 2001; 37 (5); 248–256.

11. Michelle A. Montineil, Gina Joseph, Gillian Wheeler. Smoking at home is strongly associated with symptoms of asthma an rhinitis in children of primary school age in Trinidad on Tobago. Pan American Journal of Public Health. 2004. 16 (3); 93 -198.

12. Martijaroenpong V. Rond, CS Butz, Cs Huss K. Environmental tobacco smoke exposure and nocturnal symptoms among inner city children with asthma. J. Alergy Clin Inmunol. 2002. 110; 147-153.

13. Villalba CJ, Martínez HR. Frecuencia del carcinoma broncopulmonar en pacientes fumadores y no fumadores diagnosticados en el Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias. Revista del Instituto Nacional de Enfermedades Respiratorias. México 2004. 17(1); 27-34.

14. Tapia-Conyer R, Kuri-Morales P, Gutiérrez MJ. Panorama epidemiológico del tabaquismo en México. Salud Publica Mex 2001; 43: 478-484.

15. Kuri-Morales PA. Ramírez MC. González FJ. Epidemiología del tabaquismo en México. Salud pública de México. 2006; 48(1): 30-46.

16. Romero Palacios PJ. Asma y humo de tabaco. Arch Bronconeumol. HG Granada, España. 2004; 9(40): 414-418.

17. Banegas JR, Estapé J, González J. Exposición involuntaria al humo ambiental de tabaco: Revisión actualizada y posibilidades de actuación. Semergen. Barcelona, España 2005; 25(8): 702-711.

18. Mannino DM . Involuntary Smoking and Asthma Severity in Children. American College of Chest Physicians. 2002; 122: 409-415.

19. Varona PP, Rodríguez M, Alfonso K. Factores asociados a etapas de cambio de comportamiento en fumadores cubanos. Rev Panam Salud Pública. Cuba 2003; 14(2): 119-124.